Convergence of Nanoscale Science and Engineering Mihail C. Roco - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Convergence of Nanoscale Science and Engineering Mihail C. Roco National Science Foundation and National Nanotechnology Initiative 15 th US-KOREA NanoForum, Seoul, July 12, 2018

Convergence is a core opportunity for progress Contents • Three stages of science and technology convergence – Nanotechnology - global S&T challenge since 2000 – Foundational emerging technologies (NBICA) – Global society oriented initiatives • Several trends for the next decade (USA)

Evolution in nature, science, technology, society is • Turbulent Research trends • Coherent (Ref. 1-5) Coherence cycle • Emergent Education trends (Ref. 1-5) Ex: Trading zones Examples of ecosystems too complex for simple methods Convergence is a general strategy to holistically understand and transform a system for reaching a common goal (Roco 2002) MC Roco, July 12 2018

Re c e nt Conve r ge nc e Re por ts Springer-Nature 2016 Convergence International Convergence engineering benchmarking of health Life, physical and Convergence centers principles engng. sciences 2013 and methods convergence 2016 2017 2016 2014 MC Roco, July 12 2018

1. Defining S&T convergence (Ref 6: “Convergence of Knowledge, Technology and Society”, Springer, 2013) Convergence is: - the deep integration of knowledge, tools, domains, and modes of thinking, driven by unifying concepts and common goal - to form new frameworks, paradigms or ecosystems - from where emerge novel pathways, opportunities & frontiers for problem solving and progress Convergence science – Creating/ changing an ecosystem for a goal based on 10 theories, 6 convergence principles, and specific methods (Ref 7-10) MC Roco, July 12 2018

2. Convergence of knowledge, technology and society is guided by six general principles A. Holistic - The interdependence in nature and society B. Dynamic pattern - Processes of convergence and divergence C. Unifying - System-logic deduction PRINCIPLES FOR in decisions CONVERGENCE D. Cross-domain - Higher-level languages E. Added-value - Confluence of resources leading to system changes (S curve) F. Common goal - Vision-inspired basic research for long-term challenges Ref. 8 Ref 7: Science and technology convergence, J Nanopart Res (2016) 18: 211 MC Roco, June 4 2018

- General purpose applications - Three hierarchical stages of S, T & I Convergence I Nanotechnology II Foundational NBICA III Society ecosystem MC Roco, Feb 20 2018

Three stages of convergence (Ref 6: CKTS, Springer, 2013) I. Nanoscale Science, Engineering and Technology “Nanotechnology” Integrates disciplines and knowledge of matter from the nanoscale II. Nano-Bio-Info-Cognitive-AI Converging Technologies “NBICA” Integrates foundational and emerging technologies from key basic elements using similar system architectures and dynamic networking III. Convergence of Knowledge, Technology and Society “CKTS” Integrates the essential platforms of human activity using six convergence principles MC Roco, Feb 20 2018

I. 2000-2030 Convergence-Divergence cycle for global nanotechnology development (convergence / divergence ) New nanosystem Knowledge architectures Innovation confluence spiral Immersion in to new Disciplines technology platforms Bottom-up Assembly of New Spin-off disciplines, interacting parts & top-down systems and productive sectors Control of Materials Four NT matter at New Products, Medical, .. Generations the Applications $30 T Sectors nanoscale New expertise (NBIC..) Tools & New applications Methods & business Integration/ Creative Spin-off Innovation d a b c Fusion phase phase phase phase (Based on Roco and Bainbridge, 2013 , Ref. 7, Fig. 8)

I. I. Nanotechnology programs: S&T divergence OSTP OMB HHS/NIH NSF DOE DOD OSTP DOC/NIST HHS/FDA NASA USDA/NIFA USDA/ARS HHS/CDC/ NIOSH USDA/FS DOS EPA DOTr NRC DOC/ DOT USPTO IC/DNI DOI/ USGS DOJ DOL DOC/EDA DOEd DOC/BIS ITC DHS CPSC U.S. National Nanotechnology Initiative, 2000-2030

NSF’s NS&E amount new awards per capita FYs 2000 - 2017: U.S. average amount ~ $38 /capita $32.92 $25.27 $31.02 $9.75 $36.98 $49.78 $25.34 $29.42 $46.46 $18.65 ------------------NH - $26.7 $30.88 $34.19 $66.69 ---------------MA - $137.66 $59.57 $26.15 --------RI - $91.03 ------------CT - $38.72 $58.89 $31.72 $54.05 ------------------NJ - $28.5 $46.76 $8.89 ------------DE - $81.12 $62.93 $17.78 --------MD - $50.96 $32.28 $26.79 $25.47 -----------------------DC - $119.56 $17.80 $29.30 $40.90 $16.76 $19.20 $36.66 $31.04 $38.74 $35.16 $22.85 $35.57 $26.56 $24.85 $24.08 $18.61 HI - $3.27 AK - $5.35 $13.19 Per capita NEW Nano$ FY00-17 2016: Over 6,000 active awards <= 18.61 18.61 - 25.47 25.47 - 31.02 31.02 - 36.66 (abstracts on www.nsf.gov/nano) PR - $19.85 #1 MA $138 / capita (2000-2017) 36.66 - 54.05 54.05 - 137.7 AK 5.34; AL 35.57; AR 31.04; AZ 38.74; CA 40.90; CO 62.93 ; CT 38.71; DC 119.55 ; DE 81.12; FL 13.19; GA 26.56; HI 3.27; IA 26.15; ID 18.65; IL 54.05; IN 46.76; KS 26.79; KY 17.80; LA 18.61; MA 137.65 ; MD 50.96 ; ME 9.75; MI 34.19; MN 36.98; MO 17.78; MS 24.85; MT 25.27; NC 36.66; ND 32.92; NE 59.57; NH 26.69; NJ 28.49; NM 35.16; NV 8.89; NY 66.69 ; OH 31.72; OK 19.20; OR 29.42; PA 58.89 ; PR 19.85; RI 91.03 ; SC 22.85; SD 46.46; TN 16.76; TX 24.08; UT 32.28; VA 29.30; VT 25.34; WA 31.02; WI 49.78; WV 25.47; WY 30.88

Nanotechnology papers in all SCI extended journals in the Words of Science, in 2000-2016, by five regions 180,000 100.00% Paper Number (all SCI journals) 90.00% 160,000 80.00% 140,000 Paper Percentage 70.00% 120,000 2000 - 2016 60.00% 100,000 worldwide annual 50.00% growth rate ~ 15% 80,000 40.00% 60,000 30.00% 40,000 20.00% USA 20,000 10.00% Japan 0 0.00% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 USA % Japan % EU27 % P. R. China % Korea % Total NSE Papers USA Japan EU27 P. R. China Korea “Title-abstract” search by keywords (International perspective on nanotechnology papers, patents and NSF awards (2000-2016), J. Nanoparticle Research, Nov 28017) MC Roco, July 12 2018

Nanotechnology papers in (Nature, Science, PNAS) searched by all authors in 2000-2016, by five regions 700 140.00% Paper Number (top-three-journals) 130.00% 600 120.00% 110.00% Paper Percentage 500 100.00% 90.00% 400 80.00% USA 70.00% 300 60.00% USA leads with about 66% 50.00% (at least one author from USA) 200 40.00% 30.00% 100 20.00% 10.00% Japan 0 0.00% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 USA % Japan % EU27 % P. R. China % Korea % Total NSE Papers USA Japan EU27 P. R. China Korea “Title-abstract” search by keywords (International perspective on nanotechnology papers, patents and NSF awards (2000-2016), J. Nanoparticle Research, Nov 28017) MC Roco, Feb 16 2018

Nanotechnology patents published by USPTO in 2000-2016, by five regions 10000 100.00% Percentage of Number of Patents 9000 90.00% Patent Number (USPTO) 8000 80.00% 7000 70.00% 6000 60.00% 2000 - 2016 Worldwide annual 5000 50.00% USA growth rate ~ 15% 4000 40.00% 3000 30.00% 42% in 2016 (70% in 2007) 2000 20.00% 1000 10.00% Japan 0 0.00% 20002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016 USA % Japan % EU27 % P. R. China % Korea % Total Patents USA Japan EU27 P.R. China Korea “Title-abstract-claims” search by keywords(International perspective on nanotechnology papers, patents and NSF awards (2000-2016), J. Nanoparticle Research, Nov 28017) MC Roco, Feb 16 2018

Papers and patent publications per million capita in the five regions (Notations: M = million, /MC = per million capita) Region US Japan EU27 P.R. South Totals China Korea numbers Population on July 1, 2017 325M 128M 506M 1,410M 51M (2,419 M) 2016 papers /MC 84 60 78 37 185 19,003 2016 Top-three- papers /MC 1.04 0.25 0.40 0.04 0.35 516 2016 USPTO patents /MC 11.5 4.2 2.2 0.21 12.7 8,732 2015 WIPO patents /MC 20.7 23.1 4.2 18.8 53.3 42,822 MC Roco, July 12 2018

F. Vision inspired discovery and inventions are essential for the future of innovation Relevance for the Modified Stokes diagram convergence stage / divergence stage / S&T breakthroughs advancement of knowledge High Pure Use-inspired Vision-inspired Basic Research Basic Research Basic Research (Bohr) (Pasteur)) (added in CKTS, 2013) Pure Empirical, less Applied Research useful (Edison) (Merlin) Low Known use New use Low use Relevance for applications Ref 5: “Convergence of Knowledge, Technology and Society: Beyond NBIC” (Springer,2013) MC. Roco, July 12 2018

MC Roco, Nov 10 2016 CREATING A GENERAL PURPOSE GENERATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN 3 STAGES NANOPRODUCTS Based on NANO 2020, Fig. 5 (Ref. 3) 2030 New socio-economic capabilities 6. Nanosystem Conv. Networks , nano 3 Technology divergence 5. NBIC Technology Platforms 2020-2030 To general purpose technology 4. Molecular nano 2 System integration Nanosystems 3. Systems of 2010-2020 Nanosystems Create library of nanocomponents 2. Active nano 1 Component basics Nanostructures 1. Passive Nanostructures 2000-2010 2000