Comparative LCA of Electric and ICE Cars LCA Congress AvNir - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Comparative LCA of Electric and ICE Cars LCA Congress – AvNir - November 2014 Hélène Teulon Alexander Forell Olivier Rethoré 6/11/14

Gingko 21 ? Gingko 21 supports companies in the transformation of their offer towards responsible and innovative goods and services. Eco- innovate Measure impacts Train LCA of Electric Vehicle November 6, 2014 2 Gingko 21

PE INTERNATIONAL Software and Services Overview Product Enterprise Sustainability Proprietary & Sustainability Sustainability Consulting Industry- Software (GaBi) Software (SoFi) Services Specific Content • Life cycle assessment • Carbon & Energy • Sustainability • LCI Databases and Optimization Assessment Sustainability Content: • Design for compliance GaBi Databases • Environmental • Planning and and environment • Regulatory Content for Management Management • Integrated/ embedded Product Compliance • Sustainability • Performance and impact calculations • Best Practices Library Reporting Improvement • Compliance process • Supply Chain • Corporate social • Benchmarking management (CPM) Sustainability responsibility auditing Libraries & benchmarking • Collaborative • Portfolio Sustainability (CSR Insight TM ) Sustainability and Management Communication LCA of Electric Vehicle November 6, 2014 3 Gingko 21

Comparative LCA of Electric and ICE Cars  Ordered by ADEME  Published in December 2013  Objective  Define domains of environmental relevancy for EV  Classical LCA + additional investigation http://www.ademe.fr/analyse-cycle-vie-comparative-vehi cule-electrique-vehicule-thermique LCA of Electric Vehicle November 6, 2014 4 Gingko 21

Comparative LCA of Electric and ICE Cars  Functional unit  Availability of a small size vehicle for short distances – less than 80 km per day over a lifetime of150 000 km  Produced in France  Used in France and Europe LCA of Electric Vehicle November 6, 2014 5 Gingko 21

Data sources  Primary data collection from 2 OEMs  Extended technical committee  Batteries, energy, network, end of life treatment…  Use of additional bibliographical and expertise data  2020 scenario built with the technical committee LCA of Electric Vehicle November 6, 2014 6 Gingko 21

Example of Results: Global Warming Potential LCA of Electric Vehicle November 6, 2014 7 Gingko 21

Sources of uncertainty  Battery  2020 scenario  Composition  Battery  Energy density  Vehicle  Lifetime  Electricity mix  Production country  Recycling  Energy consumption  Driver behavior  Outside temperature LCA of Electric Vehicle November 6, 2014 8 Gingko 21

Treatment of Uncertainties  Best and worst case scenarios based on critical parameters  Calculation of margins of uncertainty  Definition of « domains of environmental relevancy » for the electric vehicle LCA of Electric Vehicle November 6, 2014 9 Gingko 21

Total Primary Energy Consumption LCA of Electric Vehicle November 6, 2014 10 Gingko 21

Domains of Environmental Relevancy for the EV (in France) Eutrophication,[PO41 1 eq] Global& Warming& Potential[CO2eq] EV# (FRANC E) EV# (FRANC E) # vs# # vs# Diesel IC EV EV# (FRANC E) # vs# gasoline km km km km 0# km km 100# 000# km 150# 000# km 200# 000# km 0# 50# 000# km 100# 000# 150# 000# 200# 000# 50# 000# EV# (G ERMANY) EV# (G ERMANY) # vs# # vs# Diesel EV# (G ERMANY) IC EV # vs# gasoline 0# km km 100# 000# km 150# 000# km 200# 000# km 50# 000# km km km km 0# 50# 000# km 100# 000# 150# 000# 200# 000# Acidification* [S O2eq] Photochemical+ Ozone+ C reation+ [C2H4eq] EV# (FRANC E) # vs# EV# (FRANC E) IC EV # vs# IC EV km km km km 0# km 100# 000# 150# 000# 200# 000# 50# 000# km km km km 0# 50# 000# km 100# 000# 150# 000# 200# 000# EV# (G ERMANY) EV# (G ERMANY) vs# IC EV # vs# IC EV km km km km 0# 50# 000# km 100# 000# 150# 000# 200# 000# km km km km km 0# 50# 000# 100# 000# 150# 000# 200# 000# Abiotic'Depletion'Fossil[MJ ] EV# (FRANC E) # vs# IC EV km km km km 0# km 100# 000# 150# 000# 200# 000# 50# 000# EV# (G ERMANY) # vs# IC EV 0# km 50# 000# km 100# 000# km 150# 000# km 200# 000# km Quite, Impossible, Quite, Advantageous, Advantageous, advantageou to,make,a, advantageous, for,ICEV for,EV s,for,ICEV decision for,EV LCA of Electric Vehicle November 6, 2014 11 Gingko 21

Conclusions and Suggested Investigations Conclusions Suggested investigation  In France, EV shows lower  Charging infrastructure environmental impacts than ICEV  Real use emission factors for ICEV and except for acidification electricity consumption for EV  Not true for other European countries  Indicators  Local pollutants and noise: dedicated  Include toxicity and eco-toxicity zones to be defined for a significant  Hybrid vehicles impact  Critical resources: consumption of  Other batteries Cobalt only might be significantly  More intensive use of EVs for mobility affected services  Quick charging? LCA of Electric Vehicle November 6, 2014 12 Gingko 21

? Hélène Teulon 00 33 6 10 07 25 62 helene.teulon@gingko21.com www.gingko21.com Laura Guillon l.guillon@pe-international.com www.pe-international.com Questions ? Ask us! LCA of Electric Vehicle November 6, 2014 13 Gingko 21