Government of Manipur Directorate of Environment CLIMATE CHANGE AT SUB-NATIONAL LEVELS State Action Plan on Climate Change Brajakumar, Ph.D. Government of Mnipur Conserving Now, Preserving Future
Government of Manipur Directorate of Environment Immediate Challenges MANIPUR STATE INDIA § Manipur, an Eastern Himalayan state, is rich in biodiversity with 76.1% forest coverage as high rainfall region in India § Only rain fed agriculture, restricts farmers in single crop - when it rains. § Failure of agriculture at Hills, livelihood issues increases, destruction of natural resources § Challenges in food security (agriculture) and health § shifting of occupation, out migration of youths 22,327 sq.km. TGA 28.56 Lakh population 24.5% decadal growth § New diseases - increasing records of Malaria, Dengue JE, etc. Conserving Now, Preserving Future
Government of Manipur Directorate of Environment Immediate Challenges Rainfall deficit during monsoon in Manipur Monsoon Annual Mean Temp. Trends in Annual Rainfall Trends in 0 C per year during 1951-2010 mm per year during 1951-2010 Post 300.0 230.9 220.2 Pre Monsoon 0.05 202.4 250.0 10 Monsoon Annual Winter 172.5 Winter 167.5 0.04 8 140.3 200.0 Monsoon 0.03 6 Post monsoon 150.0 4 92.6 0.02 2 100.0 51.5 0.01 0 32.9 31.1 15.6 11.1 0 -2 50.0 -4 -0.01 0.0 -6 Arunachal Pradesh Assam Himachal Pradesh Jammu & Kashmir Jharkhand Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Sikkim Tripura Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov Arunachal Pradesh Assam Himachal Pradesh Jammu & Kashmir Jharkhand Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland Sikkim + 0.03% - 0.04% + 0.39% + 0.62% - 1.45% - 0.30% + 0.05% 0% + 0.58% - 0.05% - 0.18% + 0.68% Source : IMD, Pune Conserving Now, Preserving Future
Government of Manipur Directorate of Environment Immediate Challenges § Erratic with high intensity rainfall leads to frequent floods, land slides, etc. 4 times of flood in pre-monsoon in 2017 § Affected about 53% of total agriculture land, most of the bridges, roads are washed away along with 6-7 villages in hills § Followed by rockslides / mudslides due to torrential rains Conserving Now, Preserving Future
Government of Manipur Directorate of Environment Immediate Challenges Drainage Type in § Increase of evaporation leads to drying up of Singda Dam stream heads and less underground recharge catchment sub- resulting scarcity watershed (95 streams) § About 30% of stream heads at all the catchment has been reported as seasonal during the last 42 years (1974-2016) § Shifting of village due to water availability § Drying up of water reservoirs / dams Conserving Now, Preserving Future
Government of Manipur Directorate of Environment State Initiatives under the Climate Change Action WATER RESOURCES § Predicted for increase of total rainfall at 20-40 % by 2030 § Shifting of rainfall pattern & increase of intensity § Decreasing of underground water recharge, drying up of stream heads FORESTS RESOURCES § vulnerable due to fragmentation, degradation, conversion, etc. § Introduction of new species AGRICULTURE & ALLIED SECTOR § Predicted decrease in rice yield [3-5 %], Failure of rain fed agriculture § Introduction of new disease and pests § Limited adaptive capacity of farmers in new varieties of crop HEALTH SECTOR § Transmission windows (TWs) of malaria open for 10-12 months § Dengue, Japanese Encephalitis, Nutrient deficiency Conserving Now, Preserving Future
ORGANIZATION LOGO Government of Manipur Directorate of Environment Initiatives under the Climate Change Action • Evaluation and monitoring of existing SAPCC, 2013 using Climate Public Expenditure and Institutional Review (CPEIR) Framework • Preparation of revised SAPCC, 2017 by aligning with SDGs and INDCs • Orientation / Trainings / capacity buildings on effective planning and execution of CCA through Legislatures, Administrative Heads, State Level Officers, etc. • Series of capacity building and sensitization programmes to the communities at village level and district level officers - priority on climate change sensitive issues Conserving Now, Preserving Future
ORGANIZATION LOGO Government of Manipur Directorate of Environment Initiatives under the Climate Change Action • Creation of Village Knowledge Centers to blend their traditional knowledge with modern knowledge • Mainstreaming of ecosystem based adaptation philosophy • Increase of Carbon sequestration by conserving wetlands and tree cover at community owned lands • Integrated value chain development as a tool for poverty alleviation in rural area • Spring shed management, rejuvenation of River heads, enhancing under ground water recharge • Combined practice of traditional and modern adaptation like pilot project on carbon +ve eco-village under NAFCC Conserving Now, Preserving Future
ORGANIZATION LOGO Government of Manipur Directorate of Environment Initiatives under the Climate Change Action • Management of natural resources, enhancing eco-system services, promotion of community owned forest • Enhance irrigational canal & command area through community participation • Strengthening women’s Roles as risk and resource managers at the frontline of Climate Change actions • Climate resilient agriculture, trainings, use of liquid manure • Integrated mountain farming and introduction of climate smart agriculture, intercropping, trainings, CB, HRD by forming Farmer groups Conserving Now, Preserving Future
ORGANIZATION LOGO Government of Manipur Directorate of Environment Initiatives under the Climate Change Action [State and National] • Working with 22 line Dept’s Nodal Officers, experts from 3 Universities State Level - MU, CAU, Hill Univ., 20 independent researchers, NGOs • Endorsed the SAPCC 2013 [ 8 Sectors, 36 Strategies, 96 Actions] MoEFCC GoI • Pilot Project on Model Carbon Positive Eco Village at Phayeng, Manipur under NAFCC – MoEFCC, GoI (2016-19) • Capacity Building to the State Government for preparation of projects • Strengthening of State Climate Change Cell (2014-2019) under NMSHE DST, GoI • Capacity Building on climate adaptation action to the State Government IISc, Banglore • Trainings to the CC Cell Scientists on climate science & vulnerability studies NABCONS • Develop Training modules and Facilitating experts for trainings & capacity building Conserving Now, Preserving Future
ORGANIZATION LOGO Government of Manipur Directorate of Environment Initiatives under the Climate Change Action [Multi National] GiZ • Technical support for preparation of SAPCC, 2013 UNDP • Market Transformation and removal of barrier for effective implementation of SAPCC in collaboration with (GEF) Global Environment Facilities (2016-19) • Capacity Building to State Govt. Officers in respect to RE & EE • Enhanced Climate Resilience of Vulnerable Mountain of NE Communities (proposed GCF, under exercise) • Trainings to legislatures, administrators, officer , stakeholders, etc. on effective SDC [IHCAP] implementation and preparation of projects on SAPCC strategies • Evaluation and monitoring of existing SAPCC - 2013 • Revise edition of SAPCC – 2017 and State Climate Change Policy KfW • CCA project on Forests Regeneration in Catchment Areas under Indo-German Bi-lateral Corporation [5 years support since 2017] Conserving Now, Preserving Future
ORGANIZATION LOGO Government of Manipur Directorate of Environment Lessons learnt & implications for scaling up § Chance for working together with all the stakeholders for better outcomes of Research-Policy-Programme Karang Island, Loktak Lake § More clarity on climate sensitive sectors / actions, overlapping issues, gap finding, responsibilities § Recognising Traditional knowledge – practice to blend with modern knowledge to achieve climate resilience Tunggam Khullen, Senapati § Ongoing project under NAFCC could be a successful template for community-owned sustainable ecosystem- based adaptation § Expected to scale it up and replicate to other villages Shirui Village, Ukhrul Conserving Now, Preserving Future
ORGANIZATION LOGO Government of Manipur Directorate of Environment Lessons learnt and Implications for Scaling up § Integrated projects through community participation by recognizing their traditional JHUMING, life of hill peoples knowledge for conservation are the best for Climate Adaptation Practices § Management of Basin and natural resources sustainably § Better livelihood alternatives and enhancement of ecosystem services in hill communities [alternatives for Jhum practices] LIVELIHOOD , women of Manipur LIVELIHOOD Conserving Now, Preserving Future Women of Manipur
ORGANIZATION LOGO Government of Manipur Directorate of Environment Thank you … LIVELIHOOD Conserving Now, Preserving Future Women of Manipur
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