CLADISTIC CLADOGRAM DR.PIYUSH KUMAR RAI DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY SEMESTER - IV PAPER - BOT CC 410 PATNA WOMEN’S COLLEGE PATNA UNIVERSITY, PATNA
CLADOGRAM: CLADO- BRANCH , GRAMMA- CHARACTER • A CLADOGRAM IS USED BY A SCIENTIFIC STUDYING PHYLOGENETIC SYSTEMATICS TO VISUALIZE THE GROUP OF ORGANISMS BEING COMPARE HOW THEY ARE RELATED AND THEIR MOST COMMON ANCESTOR.
DIAGRAM REPRESENT THE PHYLOGENY OF A SPECIES
• CLADISTIC TAXONOMY : HENING (1960) • CLADISTIC METHOD CONSTRUCT TREE RELY ON ASSUMPION ABOUT ANCESTRAL RELATIONSHIPS AS WELL AS CURRENT DATA. • CLADE : ONE BRANCH OF SPECIES THAT SHARE A SINGLE COMMON ANCESTOR • CLADOGRAM CAN ALSO BE CALLED PHYLOGENY OR TREE .
ANATOMY OF PHYLOGENY
CLADISTICS CLADOGRAM
HOW DO YOU READ A CLADOGRAM
PARTS OF CLADOGRAM • MONOPHYLETIC- Taxon can derived from a single ancestor species . • PARAPHYLETIC GROUP – Taxon that excludes some members that share a common ancestor with member included in the taxon .
• Recent common ancetor , but not all descendant are required. • POLYPHYLETIC- Taxon whose member were derived from two or more ancestors not common to all member.
• Cladogram including the Mammals was of all vertebrates. • Presence of vertebrae in our unknown animals would be a symplesiomorphy. • Symplesiomorphy do not tell us anything about the relatedness of different group in a cladogram because all the organism have that Characteristic.
STEP IN CLADOGRAM • Select group of cladogram • Determine characters • Classify Ancestral and derived comparison to out group • Group by shared derived character (synapomorphies) • Choose most Parsimonious tree.
THANK – YOU
Recommend
More recommend