Characterization of Indiana’s Coal Resource: Availability of the Reserves, Physical and Chemical Properties of the Coal, and the Present and Potential Uses Maria Mastalerz, Agnieszka Drobniak, John Rupp, and Nelson Shaffer Indiana Geological Survey Indiana University Center for Coal Technology Research Indiana Department of Commerce
OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVES • Provide assessment how much coal is available for mining • Characterize quality of coal for those unique properties to utilize it in an efficient and environmentally sound manner; • Characterize current use of coal; • Characterize production and use of Coal Combustion Products; • Characterize limestones and dolomites for Flue Gas Desulphurization • Provide basis for potential uses of Indiana coals (CBM, CO2 sequestration, non-traditional uses of CCP)
CONTENTS CONTENTS • 74 pages of text, 102 figures and 67 tables • Resource evaluation for all major coal beds (Danville, Springfield, Seelyville from previous availability work at IGS, Hymera, Houchin Creek, Survant and Colchester – new evaluations, Lower and Upper Blocks and Buffaloville – extents and area available for mining). More than 50 maps of depth, thickness, areas available for underground and surface mining have been generated. • Physical and chemical properties (sulfur, ash, heating value – summaries and maps for major coal beds, ash characteristics, summaries of 35 trace elements – Hg, Se, As, and Cl discussed in more detail). • Utilization (coking properties, SR 64 by Valia and Mastalerz, CBM, CO2 sequestration – DOE-sponsored projects) • Coal Combustion Products from Indiana coals; • Limestones and dolomites for Flue Gas Desulphurization – recent IDOC- funded project to N. Shaffer; and • Summary of the unique properties of Indiana coals. This document uses all the information that was available to us, both old and the most recent, on Indiana coals
Coal Production in Indiana 1879-1998 2002 40,000,000 35,000,000 30,000,000 25,000,000 Short Tons 20,000,000 15,000,000 10,000,000 5,000,000 0 1879 1889 1899 1909 1919 1929 1939 1949 1959 1969 1979 1989 Underground Surface Total
Illinois Indiana W. Kentucky McLeansboro Gp. Virg. Mattoon Fm. Mattoon Fm. Mattoon Fm. McLeansboro Group McLeansboro Gp. Missourian Bond Fm. Bond Fm. Bond Fm. Patoka Fm. Patoka Fm. Patoka Fm. Shelburn Fm. Shelburn Shelburn Fm. Fm. Petersburg Fm. Dugger Fm. Danville (No.7) Danville (VII) Baker (No.13) Jamestown Hymera (VI) Paradise (no.12) Herrin Herrin (no.11) Herrin (No.6) Bucktown (Vb) Springfield (V) Springfield (No.9) Springfield (No.5) Carbondale Group Carbondale Fm. Carbondale Fm. Desmoinesian Houchin Creek Houchin Creek Houchin Creek Pennsylvanian Survant (No.8) Survant Survant (IV) Linton Fm. Colchester (No.2) Colchester Colchester (IIIa) Dekoven (No.7) Dekoven Seelyville (III) Davis (No.6) Davis Staunton Fm. (Mining City) No.4 Unnamed Staunton Racoon Creek Group Fm coals Empire Tradewater Fm. Tradewater Fm. Racoon Creek Group Racoon Creek Group Minshall Buffaloville Lead Creek/Dunbar Brazil Fm. Atokan Upper Block Elm Lick Willis Lower Block Mariah Hill (Ice House) No.3 Blue Creek Mansfield Fm. Foster Amos Reynoldsburg Bell Morrowan Pinnick Caseyville Caseyville St. Meinrad Gentry Fm. Battery Rock French Lick Nolin
BENTON WHITE Delphi CASS CARROLL HOWARD INDIANA e r v i R WARREN Lafayette CLINTON Williamsport Frankfort Wabash TIPPECANOE FOUNT AIN I L L I N O I S MONTGOMERY Covington BOONE VERMILLION Lebanon Crawfordsville PARKE Newport PUTNAM HENDRICKS Danville Rockville ! 1 Greencastle VIGO Map of southwestern Indiana MORGAN Brazil Terre showing the active coal mines, and Haute ! OWEN mined-out areas. 2 Martins- ! 3 r v e R i ville CLAY ! MONROE ! 4 5 Spencer ! BROWN SULLIVAN RIVER 6 Bloomington ! GREENE 7 Monroe ! Sullivan Active Surf ace Coal Mine ! Lake Bloomfield ! 8 9 ! ! 11 Active Underg round Coal Mine LAWRENCE 10 White Mine ID Number 39 ! Bedford MARTIN KNOX DAVIESS Surface Mined Area 12 Underg round Mined Area River White ! Pennsylv anian System 13 Washing- ! ton ! (coal-bear ing str ata) 14 ORANGE Shoals Vincennes WABASH 16 ! 17 ! 1 5 18 19 Paoli 20 ! 21 Fork East Petersburg 22 ! 23 Patoka ! 24 PIKE DUBOIS Lake ! ! GIBSON 26 25 Jasper ! 28 ! ! 30 27 Princeton CRAWFORD 29 ! 32 English 31 ! 33 ! ! 35 10 0 20 Miles 34 37 ! 38 ! ! 36 PERRY WARRICK VANDER- ! 10 0 30 Kilometers POSEY 39 BURGH Boonville 40 RIVER Evansville Mount SPENCER Vernon OHIO Cannelton Rockport K E N T U C K Y
Availability of Coal Reserves in Availability of Coal Reserves in Indiana Indiana • Indiana had approximately 59.5 billion short tons of original coal resources • Available for mining is 17.5 billion (~30%) • Available for surface: ~ 2 billion for underground ~ 16 billion • Coal produced in Indiana so far: 2,124,417,385 tons (2 billion)
Rate of Recovery Rate of Recovery • Continue to mine ~30 million tons per year, all that is available (17 billion tons) is mined in approximately 500 years. • However, only 2.1 billion is available for surface m. – 70 year supply if surface mined only • Not more than 20% Indiana production comes from underground mines.
COAL AVAILABILITY Available Coal Resources = remaining coal resources – coal restricted by land use – coal restricted by technological factors. Technology is economically based: e.g. stripping ratio e.g. seam thickness underground e.g. coal quality
e Original extent of the coal Map of the Wheatland Quadrangle r 28 242 123 150 a 141 Coal too deep for surface mining showing coal available for surface 241 118 243 g 151 124 e 140 mining and coal restricted from mining Coal removed by surface mining 244 s 99 152 36 117 Coal removed by deep mining 125 139 153 100 Coal too thin for surface mining 245 116 126 154 Stripping ratio > 25 : 1 1 93 138 101 2 115 Unconsolidated dep. > 60 ft. thick 155 127 92 11 137 Within 200 ft. of deep mines 102 156 12 114 Mining restricted within towns 77 128 Explanation 91 136 157 103 Mining restricted near pipelines 13 113 78 coal available for surface mining 129 Mining restricted near roads 90 158 135 104 >200ft deep 67 112 Mining block too small 79 130 coal eroded 89 159 134 105 coal available for surface mining 66 surface mine 111 80 160 >200ft deep 131 88 deep mine 133 106 65 coal eroded 200ft buffer around deep mines 110 81 132 87 surface mine coal <14 inches 56 107 25 64 deep mine 109 26 82 stripping ratio >25:1 86 200ft buffer around deep mines 57 108 unconsolidated >60ft thick 63 35 294 coal <14 inches 83 towns + 2,640ft buffer 40 85 58 stripping ratio >25:1 221 pipelines + 100ft buffer 62 149 84 39 unconsolidated >60ft thick 119 paved roads + 100ft buffer 222 59 61 towns + 2,640ft buffer 223 3 mine block too small 38 60 4 34 5 225 pipelines + 100ft buffer 8 9 10 0.6 0 0.6 1.2 Miles paved roads + 100ft buffer mine block too small
Indiana Warren Fountain Danville coal Vermillion Extent and mined Parke Putnam out areas Map of southwestern Indiana Vigo Owen Clay showing the extent of the Danville coal, the Pennsylvanian System, and distribution of the Danville coal surface and underground mines (from Conolly, Sullivan 2001). Greene Extent of Danville coal Martin Extent of Pennsylvanian System Knox Surface mines Daviess Underground mines Map scale Dubois Pike 0 10 miles Gibson 1 : 1,250,000 Warrick V anderburgh Perry Posey Spencer
Indiana Danville coal Data points used Map showing a subset of the Danville coal stratigraphic data points that were used to create the Danville coal thickness and depth maps (confidential data are not shown, after Conolly, 2001). Extent of Danville coal Danville coal data points Danville coal absent Map scale 0 10 miles 1 : 1,000,000
Indiana Danville coal Depth to the coal Map of the southwestern Indiana showing the depth of the Danville coal (after Conolly, 2001). Less than 50 feet 50 - 100 feet 100 - 150 feet 150 - 200 feet 200 - 500 feet Greater than 500 feet Danville coal absent Danville coal absent Map scale 0 10 miles 1 : 1,000,000
Indiana Danville coal Thickness Map of the southwestern Indiana showing the thickness of the Danville coal (after Conolly, 2001). Less than 14 inches 14 - 28 inches 28 - 42 inches 42 - 63 inches Greater than 63 inches Danville coal absent Map scale 0 10 miles 1 : 1,000,000
Indiana Danville coal Areas available for surface mining Map of the southwestern Indiana showing the areas where the Danville coal is available for surface mining and where surface mining is restricted (after Conolly, 2001). Danville coal available for surface mining Danville coal absent Danville coal mined out Depth to Danville coal greater then 200 feet Surface mining restricted by technological factors Surface mining restricted by land-use features Map scale 0 10 miles 1 : 1,000,000
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