ABOUT COAL Indian coal is of mostly sub bituminous rank followed by - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

ABOUT COAL — Indian coal is of mostly sub bituminous rank followed by bituminous and lignite (brown coal). — The ash content in Indian coal ranges from 35% to 50%.

SOURCES OF FLY ASH v Fly Ash means the ash generated from all coal or lignite based Thermal Power Plants Ø Bottom ash Ø Ash Pond & Mound Ash Ø Air Pollution Control Equipment such as Electrostatic Precipitator(ESP) Ash, Bag Filter or Dry ash

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FLY ASH — Fly ash mainly consists of the followings 1. Oxides of silica 2. Aluminum 3. Iron and calcium 4. Trace of elements (arsenic, beryllium, boron, cadmium, chromium, chromium VI, cobalt, lead, manganese, mercury, molybdenum etc. )

CHARACTERIZATION OF FLY ASH — According to IS 3812-1981, there are two grades v Grade I fly ash, which are derived from bituminous coal having fractions SiO2 + Al2O3 + Fe2O3 greater than 70 %. v Grade II Fly ash, which are derived from lignite coal having fractions SiO2 + Al2O3 + Fe2O3 greater than 50 %.

CHARACTERIZATION OF FLY ASH — ASTM C618 specified two categories of fly ash, based on type of coal and chemical properties. v Class C - Fly ash produced from the burning of younger lignite or sub-bituminous coal. They having pozzolanic properties, and some self-cementing properties with more than 20% lime (CaO) content. v Class F- The burning of harder, older anthracite and bituminous coal typically produces Class F fly ash. This fly ash is pozzolanic in nature, and contains less than 7% lime (CaO).

STATUS OF FLY ASH IN INDIA — Total Fly Ash generation in the year 2017-18 is 196.44 MT — Total Fly Ash Utilization under various sector is 137. 87 MT (67.13 %)

OVERALL UTILIZATION OF FLY ASH INDIA: 2017-18 Reclamation Of Low Lying 11% Area Brick & Tiles 9% Ash Dyke Raising; 33% Agriculture 7% Mines Backfilling 0% Roads & Fly Overs 6% Concrete 3% 4% 1% Cement 26% Other

STATUS OF FLY ASH IN JHARKHAND TOTAL OPERATIVE 22 NOS TPP & CPP TOTAL FLY ASH 15.54 MTPA GENERATION FLY ASH UTILIZATION 14.37 MTPA UNUTILIZED 1.17 MTPA

OVERALL UTILIZATION OF FLY ASH JHARKHAND: 2017- 18 Brick, Tiles & Blocks 1% 21% Mines Backfilling Roads & Fly Overs Concrete 20% 56% Cement (Portland Pozzolana) 1% 1% Reckamation of Low Lying Area

FLY ASH UTILISATION NOTIFICATION — Fly Ash Utilization Notification – 14 th Sept.,2019 — Fly Ash First Amendment Notification- 27th August, 2003 – Revised Fly ash utilization targets for TPPs. – Mandate for brick kilns to use fly ash. — Fly Ash Second draft Amendment Notification- 6 th November, 2008

FLY ASH UTILISATION NOTIFICATION — Fly Ash Second Amendment Notification-3 rd November, 2009 – Revised Fly ash utilization targets for TPPs. – Mandate for brick kiln to use fly ash withdrawn. — Fly Ash Third Draft Amendment Notification- 25th May, 2015 — Fly Ash third Amendment Notification – 25 th Jan.,2016

RESPONSIBILITIES OF TPPs — Target to achieved by TPPs established before the notification i.e. 3 rd November 2009- v 50% within one year , 60% within 2 yrs, 75% within 3 yrs, 90% within 4 yrs and 100% within 5 yrs. — Target to be achieved by New TPPs – v 50 % in one yrs., 70% in 2 yrs., 90% in three yrs. and 100% in 4 yrs.

RESPONSIBILITIES OF TPPs — At least 20% of dry ESP ash shall be made available free of charge on a priority basis to –Manufacturers of Bricks/ Blocks and Tiles, etc. Farmers, Central or State Road construction agencies & PWD, Agencies engaged in mine. — However, TPPs having 100% utilisation are exempted from this provision.

RESPONSIBILITIES OF TPPs — The cost of transportation of ash within 100 Kms. radius of coal or lignite based thermal power plant shall be borne coal or lignite based thermal power plant — The cost of transportation beyond the radius of 100 Kms. and up to 300 Kms. shall be shared equally between the user and the coal or lignite based thermal power plant.

RESPONSIBILITIES OF TPPs — The TPPs to promote, adopt and set up (financial and infrastructure) fly ash based product manufacturing facilities within their premises or in the vicinity so as to reduce the transportation cost of fly ash. — To install dedicated dry ash silos having separate access roads so as to ease the delivery of fly ash.

RESPONSIBILITIES OF TPPs — Upload and Update details of fly ash stock of each type available with them on their web-site every month. — Emergency ash pond or fly ash storage area upto 50 ha for 500 MW may be provided.

RESPONSIBILITIES OF TPPs — Shall not store at any time more than 3 months ash generation in their or ash ponds. In case it exceeds 3 months of generation, the same shall be disposed off in accordance with sub-paragraph 1(1) above within a max. period of 5 yrs. From the date of issue of notification. — Record shall be maintained.

RESPONSIBILITIES OF TPPs — Plans for utilisation of fly ash were to be submitted by TPPs to CPCB, SPCBs and concerned Regional Office of MoEF, with in four months of the notification. — Annual implementation report to be submitted by 30th day of April to CPCB, SPCB and RO.

RESPONSIBILITIES OF TPPs — Every Construction agency engaged in buildings within a radius of 300 km shall use only fly ash based products for construction- cement, concrete , fly ash bricks, tiles, blocks etc. in every construction project. — This will be applicable to all Construction agencies of Central or State or Local Government and private or public sector.

RESPONSIBILITIES OF TPPs — Minimum Fly Ash content for building materials or products to qualify as ‘fly ash based products ‘ ranges from 15- 50% . IS specifications for these have also been mentioned. — Regional Office of SPCB/PCCs to ensure this.

RESPONSIBILTY OF THE AUTHORITY — To ensure mandatory use of Fly Ash based bricks/products in all Government Scheme/ programmes e.g. ÷ MNREGA, SWACHH BHARAT, Urban and Rural Housing Scheme, where built up area is more than 1000 sq. feet. ÷ Infrastructure construction including buildings in designated industrial Estates/ Parks/Special Economic Zone.

RESPONSIBILTY OF THE AUTHORITY — The Ministry of Agriculture to promote Fly Ash utilization in Agriculture as soil conditioner. — To ensure that the contractor of road construction utilizes the fly ash in the road, the Authority concerned can link the payment of contractor with the fly ash supply certification of TPP.

RESPONSIBILTY OF THE AUTHORITY — CPWD Circular no. 1237 dated 9th September, 2002- All Chief Engineers (Civil) to ensure that use of fly ash bricks is made mandatory at-least 25% of the total use of Bricks used. — Guidelines for Use of Fly Ash in Canal

LOADING, UNLOADING AND TRANSPORTATION OF FLY ASH — Use of tarpaulins to cover the trucks carrying loads, under the guidance of DGMS — To overcome the fugitive dust emission problem, thermal power plants are recommended to construct silos for intermediate storage of dry fly ash and made arrangements for proper loading of fly ash to the trucks. — Adequate arrangements for water sprinkling should be made to suppress fugitive dust emission and speed limit: 40 Km/hr

RESPONSIBILTY OF THE AUTHORITY — Guidelines or specifications issued by the Indian Road Congress (IRC) as contained sp. No. SP:58 of 2001 regarding the use of fly ash shall be as followed : 7 – Reclamation of low lying lands with 100 Kms of the TPP/CPP shall use the flyash but after filling proper compaction and top soil shall be placed — Roles of DGMS and CMPDIL - Within 50 Kms of the TPP/CPP approval shall only be given if at least 20% of the fly ash on volume to volume basis of the total materials used for external dump of overburden and same percentage in upper benches of back filling the open cast mines.

METHODS OF FLY ASH UTILIZATION WASTE STABALISATION/ TREATMENT ROADS & EMBANKME BRICKS NTS FLYASH UTILIZATION WASTELAND SUPPLEMENT RECLAMATI OF CEMENT/ ON CONCRETE AGRICULTURE

METHODS OF FLY ASH UTILIZATION Sl. Building Materials or Minimum % of fly ash by No. products weight & related Indian Standards 1 Fly ash bricks, blocks, tiles, 50% of total input materials etc. with fly ash, [lime, (lS -12894) gypsum, stone dust etc. (without clay) 2 Paving blocks, paving tiles, Use in Portland Pozzolana checker tiles, mosaic tiles, Cement: PPC (lS-1489: Part- roofing sheets, pre-cast l or Portland Slag Cement: elements etc. wherein cement PSC (IS-455) or 15% of is used as binder Ordinary Portland Cement: OPC(lS-269/8112/ 12269) - content.

METHODS OF FLY ASH UTILIZATION Sl. Building Materials Minimum % of fly ash by weight No. or products & related Indian Standards 3 Cement 15% of total raw materials 4 Clay based 25% of total raw materials building materials ( IS- 137570) bricks, blocks, tiles, etc. 5 Concrete, mortar Usages of PPC(IS-1489: Part I) and plaster or PSC (lS-45S1 or 15% of OPC (IS-269 /8172/12269) content.

USE IN – WASTELAND RECLAMATION — Fly ash can be used as liming material on acid soils or acid mine soils or alkali soils for improving the pH of the soils depending on nature of soil and ash. — Energy crop is a plant grown as a low-cost and low-maintenance harvest used to make bio fuels, such as bio ethanol.