Changes in Functional Activity with Prediction during Cycling - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Changes in Functional Activity with Prediction during Cycling Exercise Tohru KIRYU*, Kazuyo IRISHIMA*, Takao MORIYA**, and Yasuhumi MIZUNO** Graduate School of Science & Technology, Niigata University, JAPAN Yamaha Motor, Co., Ltd. Abstract - Purpose of our study is to analyze the changes in functional activities with prediction during cycling using a power-assisted-bicycle. We measured the electrocardiogram and surface myoelectric signals as biological information, and the torque, speed, and cadence as the information on the vehicle. Analyzing several indices at each corner with different gradients showed two types of changes in functional activities. As a result, differences appeared in the time-varying behavior of the RR interval and in the frequency components of myoelectric signals. These features became remarkable as a function of trial. Based on the results, we are planning to develop a personally fitting-attractive-vehicle for human in terms of man-machine-system. Keywords– prediction, man- machine-system, STFT, subjective index, vehicle Niigata University: Change in Functional Activities with Prediction during Cycling Exercise T. Kiryu, K. Irishima, T. Moriya, and Y. Mizuno, ISEK2002, Vienna, Austria, June 25-28, 2002

Several Time-Scales for Exercise Motivation for Exercise Vestibular System Visual System Brain Somatic Sensers Motor Command Autonomic Nervous System Neuromuscular system for Continuing Physical Activity for Controlling Exercise Muscles Energy Metabolism Proprioception for Continuing Exercise short long time-scale Niigata University: Change in Functional Activities with Prediction during Cycling Exercise T. Kiryu, K. Irishima, T. Moriya, and Y. Mizuno, ISEK2002, Vienna, Austria, June 25-28, 2002

Motor Control Strategy Control Strategy for the Environment passive control to active control to perform maintain exercise future desired exercise Motor Control feedback control feedforward control inverse dynamic model feedforward torque feedback differentiation torque + + feedback controlled controller object torque trajectory - desired trajectory The behavior of motor control seems to be remarkable around the corner with different gradients Niigata University: Change in Functional Activities with Prediction during Cycling Exercise T. Kiryu, K. Irishima, T. Moriya, and Y. Mizuno, ISEK2002, Vienna, Austria, June 25-28, 2002

Experimental Conditions for Cycling - Subjects eleven non-expert male and three female subjects (22.9 ± 0.5 years old) - Myoelectric Signals muscles: vastus lateralis gain: 60 dB frequency band width: 5.3Hz - 1.0kHz 4-bar active array electrode 3-min data during cycling - Heart Rate estimated from ECG gain: 42 dB frequency band width: 1.1Hz - 1.0kHz disposable disk electrode 2-min data during resting consecutive 6 trials 180 ± 10sec exercise rest Niigata University: Change in Functional Activities with Prediction during Cycling Exercise T. Kiryu, K. Irishima, T. Moriya, and Y. Mizuno, ISEK2002, Vienna, Austria, June 25-28, 2002

Corners with Different Gradients p-5 Steep uphill 6 degree p-6 p-4 p-5 p-1 finish finish p-6 p-2 p-3 start start p-4 start start finish finish p-1 p-3 p-2 Side View phase2 → phase3 ： steep down to up Speed and stable control is required Top View timing of signals at the down-up corner with turning left second corner triggered by muscle activity EMG s.d. 2 s.d. < EMG Torque triggered by torque s.d. 10s.d. < torque Niigata University: Change in Functional Activities with Prediction during Cycling Exercise T. Kiryu, K. Irishima, T. Moriya, and Y. Mizuno, ISEK2002, Vienna, Austria, June 25-28, 2002

Analysis for Overall Behavior - Autonomic Nervous Activities Heart Rate uniformly resampling the interpolated R-R interval time-series at 4 Hz. Original sampling frequency of ECG was 5 kHz. time-varying behavior of the LF and HF components of the R-R interval time-series estimated by the continuous wavelet analysis. - Muscle Activities Myoelectric Signal 5 kHz sampling. ARV and MPF time-series resampled at 4 Hz. ARV (Average Rectified Value): muscle force related activities MPF (Mean Power Frequency): metabolic change in the muscle γ ARV-MPF correlation coefficient between ARV and MPF, . Niigata University: Change in Functional Activities with Prediction during Cycling Exercise T. Kiryu, K. Irishima, T. Moriya, and Y. Mizuno, ISEK2002, Vienna, Austria, June 25-28, 2002

Analysis at Each Contraction muscle activity possibly includes the information on the motor control strategy during cycling with prediction Time-Frequency Representations (TFRs) of ME signals at each contraction for decomposing time-frequency components. - Evaluation of TFRs at first half and latter half of a contraction - Evaluation of TFRs in relation to muscular fatigue physical activity at each contraction early / last exercise / rest at each trial time one trial one trial muscle contraction is an active sensor for snapshot assessment Niigata University: Change in Functional Activities with Prediction during Cycling Exercise T. Kiryu, K. Irishima, T. Moriya, and Y. Mizuno, ISEK2002, Vienna, Austria, June 25-28, 2002

Overall Behavior subject: S.K., Oct. 30, 2001 2nd trial p-1 p-2 p-3 p-6 p-4 p-5 γ ARV-MPF 1 [sec] 0 0 40 120 160 γ ARV-torque -1 1 0 [sec] 0 160 40 120 -1 RR interval 0.8 [sec] 0.3 0 40 120 160 Niigata University: Change in Functional Activities with Prediction during Cycling Exercise T. Kiryu, K. Irishima, T. Moriya, and Y. Mizuno, ISEK2002, Vienna, Austria, June 25-28, 2002

Classification of RRI triggered by Muscle Activity Time-Varying Behavior of RRI Two Groups SDRR (4/11) GDRR (7/ 11 ) triggered time by muscle activity 0.8 0.8 RRI [sec] subject: M.S., Sep. 25, 2001 subject: S.K., Oct. 30, 2001 [sec] RRI time[sec] time [sec] 0.3 0.3 -50 0 50 -50 0 50 Steeply Decreasing in RR interval Gradually Decreasing in RR interval Niigata University: Change in Functional Activities with Prediction during Cycling Exercise T. Kiryu, K. Irishima, T. Moriya, and Y. Mizuno, ISEK2002, Vienna, Austria, June 25-28, 2002

HR, speed, torque for SDRR p-1 p-2 p-3 p-6 Triggered by EMG [km/h] RRI p-4 p-5 [sec] [sec] RRI at phase3 RRI at phase4 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.3 -25 0 25 [sec] -25 0 25 [sec] [km/h] [N•m] speed torque 35 100 2nd trial 3rd trial 6th trial subject: S.K., Oct. 30, 2001 15 0 -25 0 25 [sec] -25 0 25 [sec] Niigata University: Change in Functional Activities with Prediction during Cycling Exercise T. Kiryu, K. Irishima, T. Moriya, and Y. Mizuno, ISEK2002, Vienna, Austria, June 25-28, 2002

HR, speed, torque for GDRR p-1 p-2 p-3 p-6 Triggered by EMG [km/h] RRI p-4 p-5 [sec] [sec] RRI at phase3 RRI at phase4 0.8 0.8 0.3 0.3 -25 0 25 [sec] -25 0 25 [sec] [km/h] [N•m] speed torque 35 1st trial 3rd trial 6th trial subject: S.K., Oct. 30, 2001 15 0 -25 0 25 [sec] -25 0 25 [sec] Niigata University: Change in Functional Activities with Prediction during Cycling Exercise T. Kiryu, K. Irishima, T. Moriya, and Y. Mizuno, ISEK2002, Vienna, Austria, June 25-28, 2002

HRV for SDRR 2nd trial p-6 p-1 subject: S.K., Oct. 30, 2001 p-2 p-3 p-4 p-5 [sec] 1 0 [sec] -70 rest experiment 50 100 rest 150 start start finish finish [Hz] 0.75 0.5 0.3 0.1 0 [sec] -70 0 50 100 150 -46.1 Strong peek around disappearing of RSA Immediate 0.3-0.5Hz recover （ Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ） （ ） ） RSA （ （ ） Niigata University: Change in Functional Activities with Prediction during Cycling Exercise T. Kiryu, K. Irishima, T. Moriya, and Y. Mizuno, ISEK2002, Vienna, Austria, June 25-28, 2002

HRV for GDRR 1st trial p-6 subject: M.S., Sep. 25, 2001 p-1 p-2 p-3 p-4 p-5 [sec] 1 0 [sec] -70 50 100 150 rest experiment rest start finish start finish [Hz] 0.75 0.5 0.3 0.1 0 [sec] -70 -41.5 50 100 150 110.1 0 Strong peek around disappearing of MWSA gradual recover 0.1Hz （ Mayer-Wave related Sinus Arrhythmia ） （ ） ） MWSA （ （ ） Niigata University: Change in Functional Activities with Prediction during Cycling Exercise T. Kiryu, K. Irishima, T. Moriya, and Y. Mizuno, ISEK2002, Vienna, Austria, June 25-28, 2002

HR & Muscle Activity for SDRR 0.8 RRI 2nd trial [sec] Triggered by EMG 3rd trial 6th trial 0.3 -25 25 [sec] 0 6th trial 2nd trial Torque 45 47 [sec] 41.5 43.5 [sec] EMG 43.5 [sec] 45 47 [sec] 41.5 1st stroke 2nd stroke 1st stroke 2nd stroke TFR of EMG 500 500 [Hz] [Hz] 0 0 45 46 [sec] 42.5 [sec] 41.5 500 500 [Hz] [Hz] 0 0 46 47 [sec] 43.5 [sec] 42.5 Subject SK, 2001-Oct.-30 Niigata University: Change in Functional Activities with Prediction during Cycling Exercise T. Kiryu, K. Irishima, T. Moriya, and Y. Mizuno, ISEK2002, Vienna, Austria, June 25-28, 2002

HR & Muscle Activity for GDRR 0.8 RRI [sec] Triggered by EMG 1st trial 3rd trial 6th trial 0.3 [sec] -25 25 0 1st trial 6th trial Torque 40.5 42.5 [sec] 39.5 41.5 [sec] EMG 41.5 [sec] 40.5 42.5 [sec] 39.5 1st stroke 2nd stroke 1st stroke 2nd stroke TFR of EMG 500 500 [Hz] [Hz] 0 0 40.5 40.5 [sec] 41.5 [sec] 39.5 500 500 [Hz] [Hz] 0 0 41.5 42.5 [sec] 41.5 [sec] 40.5 Subject SK, 2001-Oct.-30 Niigata University: Change in Functional Activities with Prediction during Cycling Exercise T. Kiryu, K. Irishima, T. Moriya, and Y. Mizuno, ISEK2002, Vienna, Austria, June 25-28, 2002