CBCN4103 CBCN4103 Introduction to Networking (CBCN4103) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

CBCN4103 CBCN4103

� Introduction to Networking (CBCN4103) � Introduction to Networking (CBCN4103) � This course is worth 3 credit hours � Will be covered in 12-14 weeks � Total 08 topics � Assessment ◦ Mid-Semester Examination – 40% (MCQ) ◦ Final Exam 60% (MCQ) ◦ NO Assignment ◦ NO Assignment

� Data communication is the transfer of data between points. � The Data communications industry consisting Th D i i i d i i ◦ business, ◦ technology and research, technology and research, ◦ standard-making organization, ◦ regulatory agencies and ◦ common carriers.

� Telecommunication Telecommunication is the electronic transmission of sound, data, facsimiles, pictures, voice, video, , , , p , , , and other information between systems using either analog or digital signaling techniques. � Public � Public Public Switch Public Switch Switched Switched ed Telephone ed Telephone Telephone network Telephone network network (PSTN) etwork (PSTN) (PSTN) also (PSTN) also referred to as the Plain Old Telephone Service Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS) (POTS) is the network of the world's public circuit switched telephone networks circuit-switched telephone networks. � Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a circuit-switched telephone network system, designed to allow digital transmission of voice d i d ll di i l i i f i and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in better voice quality than an analog phone.

� analog access, carrying voice frequency of 300 3 400 Hz; 300-3,400 Hz; � circuit-switched duplex connection (simultaneous transmission in both ( directions); � switched bandwidth, 64 kbps, or 300- 3 400Hz for analog exchanges; 3,400Hz for analog exchanges; � immobility or, at best, very limited mobility; and � many function in common with another bearer network i.e. Narrowband Integrated Narrowband Integrated Services Services Digital Services Services Digital Digital Network Digital Network Network (N etwork (N (N ISDN) (N-ISDN) ISDN) ISDN).

� today's digitized PSTN is a "logical" network � the PSTN of the 1960s was certainly a physical network The network of the 1960s

� The PSTN has only one bearer service: "the PSTN bearer service". � In terms of transfer, the network is designed and optimized for voice transmission in the and optimized for voice transmission in the 300-3,400 Hz interval. � The most significant difference lies in the fact � The most significant difference lies in the fact that current networks are digitized.

� A PBX is a privately owned, smaller version of the switch in the PSTN exchanges It is a switch (more commonly called as the PSTN exchanges. It is a switch (more commonly called as a switchboard) operated by one organisation into which all telephone lines connected.

� The first and most basic method for connecting a home computer (SOHO-Small Office Home Office) to the internet is to use a dial up modem dial-up modem. � The PSTN serves as a transit network

� A fax (short for facsimile) is a document sent over a telephone line. Fax is a distributive service having only one recipient. It is a service that principally involves unidirectional service that principally involves unidirectional communication, along with certain control signaling in the reverse direction. g g

� Centrex is a PBX-like service providing switching at the central office instead of at the customer's premises. � Small � Small companies companies may may find find it it costly costly to to purchase and run their own PBXs. Today, local local PSTN PSTN exchanges exchanges can can offer offer logical logical interconnection of a number of subscribers, as if the subscribers had a PBX of their own. f f This functionality is referred to as Centrex.

� Players in the telecommunications market companies and private users; can have more than one role, and many players can share the same role the same role.

� End � End End-users End users users(the consumers): are those utilizing users(the consumers): are those utilizing the telecommunications services. They may be Residential or Business Customer. � Information service providers Information service providers sell their information services to end-users. � Network � Network Network operators Network operators operators provide network services, perators provide network services such as PSTN, ISDN and Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) services. � Content providers Content providers are those who actually produce the content of the services offered to end-users by the aforementioned service end-users by the aforementioned service providers: films, music or database information.

� Service � Service Service brokers Service brokers brokers combine services from a number rokers combine services from a number of service providers and then offer complete service packages to end-users. � Content brokers Content brokers can support service providers in their selection of the contents to be included in their services, or they can support content , y pp providers in their attempts to market their products to service providers. � Capacity � Capacity Capacity brokers Capacity brokers brokers act as dealers in the distribution brokers act as dealers in the distribution of capacity between the different network operators. � Vendors � Vendors Vendors of systems and equipment provide the Vendors of systems and equipment provide the systems - including the hardware and software - that are required for the implementation and control of the various services and networks. l f h i i d k

� Regulatory Agencies and Network Carriers are tightly couple components in data communication industry that in a constant and ongoing state of change as well and ongoing state of change as well. � In Maldives the regulator is the Communication Authority of Maldives (CAM). Communication Authority of Maldives (CAM). � One role of CAM is co-ordination of spectrum and frequencies.

� Two major categories: 1. Official sanctioned 2. Ad-hoc � Officially Sanctioned Standards making � Officially Sanctioned Standards-making Organisations:

� What would happen to the telecommunication Wh t ld h t th t l i ti world without standard?

� The results of standardisation work have always been of importance to different authorities and it is therefore only natural for them to take part in this work Their interest them to take part in this work. Their interest in participating is dictated by both societal and commercial objectives: j ◦ to protect the safety of the citisens; ◦ to avoid technical barriers to trade in the form of different national requirements; and different national requirements; and ◦ to encourage the development of technologies and markets.

� User interests in standardisation are as follows: ◦ it must be possible to use different makes together; ◦ products must be capable of being used worldwide; ◦ products must be capable of being used worldwide; ◦ competition between two or more suppliers makes a product less expensive; and ◦ cooperation during the standardisation phase favours the choice of a good solution.

� Suppliers can compete on the same terms and with the same chances of winning, since users can combine equipment from different suppliers And a decrease in the number of suppliers. And a decrease in the number of market variants automatically increases manufacturing volumes. Suppliers' interest in g pp standardisation: ◦ Competition on equal terms; ◦ Larger manufacturing volumes; L f i l ◦ New or larger markets; and ◦ More efficient research and development. p

� Internet Service Provider (ISP) Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a company that provides access to the Internet. � In addition to serving individuals, ISPs also serve large companies, providing a direct connection from the company's networks to the Internet. p y ISPs themselves are connected to one another through Network Access Points (NAPs Network Access Points (NAPs). � ISP is also called Internet � ISP is also called Internet Internet Access Internet Access Access Provider Access Provider Provider (IAP) Provider (IAP) (IAP) a (IAP), , a company that provides access to the Internet. IAP generally provides dial-up access through a modem and Point to Point (PPP) connection modem and Point to Point (PPP) connection, though companies that offer Internet access with other devices, such as cable modems or wireless connections could also be considered IAP. ti ld l b id d IAP

� Q1. List the telecommunications market players and their roles players and their roles. � Q2. Describe the function of Regulatory � Q2. Describe the function of Regulatory Agencies. � Q3. Name the standard-marking organisations that are actively and consistently making standard for the i l ki d d f h industry.

� Q4. List the advantages of having Standardisation. � Q5. Find out, which Service Provider serves as Q5 Fi d hi h S i P id ISP in Maldives? Are there any IAPs in Maldives? Maldives?