Vehicular Ad-hoc Networking: Current Solutions, Challenges, and Future Applications Stephanie Beard smbeard@ncsu.edu
Introduction ● Vehicular Ad-hoc Networking (VANET) ● Sub-category of Mobile Ad-hoc Networking (MANET) ● Self-organizing ● Dynamically changing ● No centralized infrastructure ● Provide ● Position, velocity, and acceleration ● Support Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) ● Path Prediction ● Driver Awareness ● Traffic Management ● Road Conditions Hartenstein, Hannes, and Kenneth Laberteaux. VANETs Vehicular Applications and Inter-networking Technologies . Chichester, West Sussex, U.K.: Wiley, 2009. Print.
Current Telematics http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1305894
Possible VANET Architecture ● Precursor to the smart car ● Method to provide safety and generic messages to drivers Bedi, P.; Jindal, V., "Use of Big Data technology in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks," in Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI, 2014 International Conference on , vol., no., pp.1677-1683, 24-27 Sept. 2014 doi: 10.1109/ICACCI.2014.6968352
Purpose of Communications: ITS Bedi, P.; Jindal, V., "Use of Big Data technology in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks," in Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI, 2014 International Conference on , vol., no., pp.1677-1683, 24-27 Sept. 2014 doi: 10.1109/ICACCI.2014.6968352
The Standard ● Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) ● Network → Application Layer ● IEEE 802.11p ● Physical → Data Link Layer
How is VANET Implemented? Spectrum: Protocol: IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) - Networking Services," in IEEE Std 1609.3-2010 (Revision of IEEE Std 1609.3- 2007) , vol., no., pp.1-144, Dec. 30 2010 doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2010.5680697 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.proxy1.library.jhu.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5680697
IEEE 802.11p: Physical Layer IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) - Networking Services," in IEEE Std 1609.3-2010 (Revision of IEEE Std 1609.3- 2007) , vol., no., pp.1-144, Dec. 30 2010 doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2010.5680697 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.proxy1.library.jhu.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5680697
IEEE 802.11p: Physical Layer ● Spectrum: 5.850 - 5.925 GHz ● 75 MHz Bandwidth ● 7 Channels: 10 MHz each ● 1 Control Channel (Ch. 178) ● 2 Reserved (Ch. 172 & 184) ● 4 Generic Message (Ch. 174, 176, 180, & 182) Weigle, Michele. Standards: WAVE / DSRC / 802.11p . Cvt-project . Old Dominion University, 2008. Web. 25 Sept. 2015. <http://www. cvt-project.ir/Admin/Files/eventAttachments/109.pdf>.
IEEE 802.11p: Physical Layer 802.11a 802.11p Bandwidth 20 MHz 10 MHz Multiplexing OFDM OFDM Spectrum 5 GHz 5.9 GHz Data Rates 6-54 Mbps 3-27 Mbps Mobility No Yes Distance ~30 m 100-300 m Chong Han; Dianati, M.; Tafazolli, R.; Kernchen, R.; Xuemin Shen, "Analytical Study of the IEEE 802.11p MAC Sublayer in Vehicular Networks," in Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE Transactions on , vol.13, no.2, pp.873-886, June 2012 doi: 10.1109/TITS.2012.2183366 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.proxy1.library.jhu.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6155605
IEEE 802.11p: Data Link Layer IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) - Networking Services," in IEEE Std 1609.3-2010 (Revision of IEEE Std 1609.3- 2007) , vol., no., pp.1-144, Dec. 30 2010 doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2010.5680697 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.proxy1.library.jhu.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5680697
IEEE 802.11p: Data Link Layer, MAC ● Must Provide: ● Congestion Control ● Packet Collision ● Message Priority ● Low Latency ● High throughput ● High reliability ● ~802.11e Enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) ● QoS priority ● Collision Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA)
IEEE 802.11p: Data Link Layer, LLC IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) - Networking Services," in IEEE Std 1609.3-2010 (Revision of IEEE Std 1609.3- 2007) , vol., no., pp.1-144, Dec. 30 2010 doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2010.5680697 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.proxy1.library.jhu.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5680697
IEEE 802.11p: Data Link Layer, LLC ● ~IEEE 802.2 ● TX data between devices on a common network by determining the method to multiplex various network protocols in a frame of data IEEE 802.2 LLC Frame Format with SNAP Byte 0 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9- Name DSAP SSAP Control OUI EtherType Payload Data 0xAA 0xAA 0x03 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x86DD IPv6 0x88DD WSMP
WAVE: Network Layer, IPv6 IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) - Networking Services," in IEEE Std 1609.3-2010 (Revision of IEEE Std 1609.3- 2007) , vol., no., pp.1-144, Dec. 30 2010 doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2010.5680697 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.proxy1.library.jhu.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5680697
Putting it all together: IPv6 Traffic IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) - Networking Services," in IEEE Std 1609.3-2010 (Revision of IEEE Std 1609.3- 2007) , vol., no., pp.1-144, Dec. 30 2010 doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2010.5680697 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.proxy1.library.jhu.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5680697
WAVE: Network Layer, WAVE Short Message Protocol (WSMP) IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) - Networking Services," in IEEE Std 1609.3-2010 (Revision of IEEE Std 1609.3- 2007) , vol., no., pp.1-144, Dec. 30 2010 doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2010.5680697 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.proxy1.library.jhu.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5680697
Putting it all together: WAVE Traffic IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) - Networking Services," in IEEE Std 1609.3-2010 (Revision of IEEE Std 1609.3- 2007) , vol., no., pp.1-144, Dec. 30 2010 doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2010.5680697 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.proxy1.library.jhu.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5680697
WAVE--WSMP Continued IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) - Networking Services," in IEEE Std 1609.3-2010 (Revision of IEEE Std 1609.3- 2007) , vol., no., pp.1-144, Dec. 30 2010 doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2010.5680697 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.proxy1.library.jhu.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5680697
WAVE--WSMP Continued IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) - Networking Services," in IEEE Std 1609.3-2010 (Revision of IEEE Std 1609.3- 2007) , vol., no., pp.1-144, Dec. 30 2010 doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2010.5680697 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.proxy1.library.jhu.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5680697
WSMP: Provider Service Identifier (PSID) ● PSID ● Used to ID the higher layer application ● Usually Roadside units ● Registered by organization that determines type of WAVE message ● Provider: device that TX a WAVE service message ● Device can exchange data on 1+ service channels ● User: device that RX a WAVE service message ● Optional to TX ● WAVE service message: information on traffic, road conditions, etc.
WAVE--WSMP Continued IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) - Networking Services," in IEEE Std 1609.3-2010 (Revision of IEEE Std 1609.3- 2007) , vol., no., pp.1-144, Dec. 30 2010 doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2010.5680697 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.proxy1.library.jhu.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5680697
WSMP: WAVE header extensions ● Optional ● Channel # ● Data Rate ● TX Power
WAVE--WSMP Continued IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) - Networking Services," in IEEE Std 1609.3-2010 (Revision of IEEE Std 1609.3- 2007) , vol., no., pp.1-144, Dec. 30 2010 doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2010.5680697 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.proxy1.library.jhu.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5680697
WSMP: WAVE Element ID ● IDs type of WSM that follows ● Examples of types of Wave Short Messages ● Service Information ● Channel Information ● WAVE routing advertisement ● 2D Location ● 3D Location and confidence ● Channel Access
WAVE--WSMP Continued IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) - Networking Services," in IEEE Std 1609.3-2010 (Revision of IEEE Std 1609.3- 2007) , vol., no., pp.1-144, Dec. 30 2010 doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2010.5680697 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.proxy1.library.jhu.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5680697
WAVE--WSMP Continued IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) - Networking Services," in IEEE Std 1609.3-2010 (Revision of IEEE Std 1609.3- 2007) , vol., no., pp.1-144, Dec. 30 2010 doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2010.5680697 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.proxy1.library.jhu.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5680697
WAVE Management Entity (WME) IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) - Networking Services," in IEEE Std 1609.3-2010 (Revision of IEEE Std 1609.3- 2007) , vol., no., pp.1-144, Dec. 30 2010 doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2010.5680697 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.proxy1.library.jhu.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5680697
WME ● Manages requests to and from WAVE devices ● Determines: ● Channel Access ● Provides Service Messages ● Verifies advertised services ● Time-slot information ● IPv6 network configurations ● Controls: ● TX Power ● Data Rate ● Priority
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