CARRYING BARRENLAND CARIBOU HERD AND HUNTER MIGRATION ROUTE ANALOGIES TO GREAT LAKES STATES, NEW ENGLAND AND APPALACHIA Bryan Gordon, Canadian Museum of History and Carleton University, Ottawa
Ice Position & Dominant Vegetation 18k bp uncal. ICE Glaciated Summits Tundra Main References: W.A. Watts 1979 R.B. Davis & G.L. Jacobson 1982 Spruce M.B. Davis 1983 D.R. Whitehead 1973 Delcourt & Delcourt 1980 Specific Site Papers Pine
Ice Position & Dominant Vegetation 13k bp uncal. ICE Tundra Glaciated Summits Spruce Tundra Summits Pine
Ice Position & Dominant ICE Vegetation 12k bp uncal. Tundra Glaciated Tundra Summits Spruce Pine Mixed
ICE Ice Position & Dominant Vegetation 11k bp uncal. Tundra Munsungun Ice-cover Spruce Tundra Summits Pine Mixed
12k bp Physiographic Vegetation Zones (uncal.) Sugarloaf (DEDIC) Site, Calving Ground - Green Massachusetts and White Mountains Glaciated Hunters from Appalachians to Hudson, Champlain and Vermont Valleys Herd Habitat: Calving – from Central Appalachian summits to Green and White Mountains Hunters & Chert from Sources in Champlain and Hudson Valleys Chert Sources Summit Sugarloaf Site Winter range Vegetation data (Davis & Jacobson 1985, Figs.11-13)
12k bp Physiographic Vegetation Zones(uncal.) Whipple Site,New Hampshire Calving-Munsungun Lake Glaciated Hunters from Champlain & Vermont River Valleys Herd Habitat: Munsungun Lake Calving to Winter Range South of Whipple and Sugarloaf Sites Hunters and Chert from Champlain Valley and Maine’s Munsungun Lake, plus Vermont Cheshire Quartzite Champlain Valley chert Vermont Cheshire Quartzite Whipple Site Winter Range Vegetation data (Davis & Jacobson 1985, Figs.11-13)
12-11 bp Physiographic Vegetation Zones (uncal.) Vail Site, Maine Calving and Toolstone at Munsungun Lake Hunters from Champlain & Vermont Valleys Herd Habitat: Calving in Ice-free Munsungun Lake Area Toolstone from Hudson & Champlain Valleys and Cheshire Quartzite plus Munsungun Chert Chert Sources Vegetation data (Davis & Jacobson 1985, Figs.11-13)
11k bp Physiographic Vegetation Zones (uncal.) Bull Brook Site, Calving - Munsungun Lake Massachusetts Hunters from Appalachians to Hudson, Champlain and Vermont Valleys, then to and from Munsungun chert in Maine Habitat: White Mtn. Calving Ground to almost deglaciated Munsungun Mountains in Maine Toolstone from Pennsylvania Jasper and Appalachians to Hudson and Champlain Valleys, Vermont Cheshire Quartzite, New Hampshire Rhyolite & Maine Munsungun Chert Chert Sources Bull Brook Site Winter Range Vegetation data (Davis & Jacobson 1985, Figs.11-13)
11k bp Physiographic Vegetation Zones (uncal.) Michaud site, Maine Hunters from Champlain,Hudson and Vermont Valleys then to and from Munsungun Chert in Maine Habitat: Calving Ground near almost deglaciated Munsungun Mountains in Maine Calving Ground Chert from Hudson & Champlain Valleys, plus New Hampshire Rhyolite & Maine Munsungun Chert Winter Range Vegetation data (Davis & Jacobson 1985, Figs.11-13)
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