CANSO 07/03/2014 RECAT-2 Vincent TREVE, EUROCONTROL SESAR Airport - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

CANSO 07/03/2014

RECAT-2 Vincent TREVE, EUROCONTROL SESAR Airport Unit WAC, 5 th March 2014 Scott PRESSLEY, FAA CANSO 07/03/2014

Introduction Why New Wake Turbulence Separations? Need • Runways are constrained • While demand growth has not met some expectations, demand is expected to grow • New runway construction is expensive, real estate constrained and requires decades to achieve • New aircraft are being introduced • a Re-Categorization RECAT has 3 Phases Opportunity • New knowledge of wake behavior and sufficient quality and quantity of operationally relevant wake data • Better metrics exist than Maximum Certificated Gross Take Off Mass as the measure of wake strength and wake tolerance • Successful implementation of other wake avoidance solutions in US and Europe CANSO 07/03/2014

ICAO Today ICAO separation scheme • Defined in the ICAO PANS ATM Doc 4444 • Based on MTOW only Proved to be safe over years but could be now improved CANSO 07/03/2014

ICAO Today ICAO separation scheme • Defined in the ICAO PANS ATM Doc 4444 • Based on weight only • Need for categorising new challenging aircraft CANSO 07/03/2014

ICAO Today ICAO separation scheme • Defined in the ICAO PANS ATM Doc 4444 • Based on weight only • Need for categorising new challenging aircraft • Proved to be safe over years but could be now improved • Joint FAA – EUROCONTROL effort led to local improvements with 6 categories scheme • RECAT-1 US Implementation • RECAT-1-EU CANSO 07/03/2014

RECAT-1 Effort to Harmonize with a 6 Wake Category System RECAT-1 US Implementation • RECAT-1 US implementation based on a joint technical development with EUROCONTROL • The categories based on the top 85% of the worlds busiest airport traffic. • Implemented in the US with deployment at MEM November 2012, SDF August 2013. • Deployed at these two facilities because of short time periods of constrained traffic, and the simplicity of a fleet mix driven largely by a single operator • CVG, MIA, PHL, ATL, NCT and SCT scheduled for 2014. CANSO 07/03/2014

RECAT Phase I Implementation within US RECAT Separation Matrix Follower A B C D E F A MRS 5.0 6.0 7.0 7.0 8.0 B MRS 3.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 7.0 Leader C MRS MRS MRS 3.5 3.5 6.0 D MRS MRS MRS MRS MRS MRS MRS MRS MRS 5.0 5.0 E MRS MRS MRS MRS MRS 4.0 F MRS MRS MRS MRS MRS MRS Separation was increased for some or all aircraft pairs Separation was decreased for some or all aircraft pairs Separation remained the same for some or all aircraft pairs CANSO Minimum Radar Separation (3NM, or 2.5 NM when existing 07/03/2014 MRS requirements are met)

RECAT Phase I US Implementation Benefits to Workforce • With a few minor automation changes we were able to make the controllers jobs easier. • For the first time the Wake Category is in the Data Block on the RADAR scope. • Wake Category also on Flight Data Strip for the tower controllers. • Takes away the burden of having to know where 9000 aircraft are in the Weight Categories. • Gives a single focal point for sequence decisions on the RADAR scope. CANSO 07/03/2014

RECAT Phase I US Implementation CANSO 07/03/2014

RECAT Phase I US Implementation Benefits to the Users • MEM Approach called arrival/departure rate changed from 77 per hour to 99 per hour. • FEDEX has reported a savings of over 2 Million dollars a month in savings. • SDF/UPS has seen similar results in their operations. • RECAT is giving both companies the opportunity to progressively change their ramp practices to gain even more efficiency in the future. CANSO 07/03/2014

Local improvements with 6 categories scheme RECAT-EU RECAT-EU Principles • The categorisation is based on both generation and resistance characteristics • Separations are reduced for pairs with low wake generation leader and/or high resistance follower • Separation are increased for the lowest part of the Medium category • Aircraft categorised as a function of MTOW and Span CANSO 07/03/2014

Local improvements with 6 categories scheme RECAT-EU A124 CAT-A A380 CAT-B SF34 CAT-C E120 CAT-D CAT-E LJ35 CAT-F CANSO 07/03/2014 LJ25

Local improvements with 6 categories scheme RECAT-EU MD11 B763 A346 A306 B752 A320 B774 MD82 B772 CAT-B E190 CAT-C A332 CAT-D E145 B764 CAT-E B738 AT45 CANSO 07/03/2014

Local improvements with 6 categories scheme RECAT-EU Leader / Follower J H M L J 6.0 7.0 8.0 H 4.0 5.0 6.0 M 5.0 L CANSO 07/03/2014

Local improvements with 6 categories scheme RECAT-EU J H M L Leader / Follower A B C D E F J A 6.0 6.0 7.0 7.0 8.0 B 4.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 6.0 H C 4.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 6.0 D 5.0 M E 5.0 L F CANSO 07/03/2014

Local improvements with 6 categories scheme RECAT-EU J H M L Leader / Follower A B C D E F J A 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 B 3.0 4.0 4.0 5.0 7.0 H C MRS* 3.0 3.0 4.0 6.0 D 5.0 M E 4.0 L F 3.0 Delta to ICAO provisions J H M L Leader / Follower A B C D E F J A (+0.5) -2.0 -1.0 -1.0 B -1.0 -1.0 +1.0 H C -1.0 (-1.5) -1.0 -2.0 -1.0 D M E -1.0 L F (+0.5) * Validation for MRS at 2.5Nm CANSO 07/03/2014 (figure) is compared to MRS of 2.5 Nm

Local improvements with 6 categories scheme RECAT-EU • Expected Benefits for major EU airports • Limited system up-grade • Average +5% capacity in peak • 3 to 5 additional movements per hour during morning peak • Deployment Timeframe • RECAT-EU proposal currently under EASA review • EASA Safety Bulletin expected by April ’14 • CDG proposed by DGAC as pioneer airport • Operational experience • Support further improvements • RECAT-EU EUROCONTROL effort NOT terminated Effort now allocated to RECAT-2 for allowing local customisation of CANSO 07/03/2014 6-CAT as a function of traffic mix AND Pairwise operations

ICAO road map for RECAT-2 CANSO 07/03/2014

Current ICAO Wake Turbulence Separations Leading aircraft Followed by Heavy Large Small A320 Heavy B747 B747 >136 t Large Small Large A320 7 - 136 t A320 Small < 7t Small • 0 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 Separation, miles CANSO 07/03/2014 20

Current ICAO Wake Turbulence Separations Heavy to Heavy Leading aircraft Trailing aircraft This is Safe B747 A306 4 NM Separation This is Overly Conservative. B747 A306 A result of the Breadth of the Heavy Category CANSO 07/03/2014 21

Safety Example Wake Turbulence Separations Upper Heavy to Lower Heavy Leading aircraft Trailing aircraft 4 NM Separation This Is Safe (Current ICAO) B747 A306 Lower Heavy to Upper Heavy 2.5 NM Separation B747 This Is Also Safe (RECAT) A306 CANSO 07/03/2014 22

For a given aircraft leader, wake strength RECAT Phase II at ICAO separations can be determined. By taking follower approach speed, wing Approach span and weight into account a better resistance metric than MGTOM is used A346 CANSO 07/03/2014 Page 23

Under ICAO, separation is set to RECAT Phase II protect the most vulnerable aircraft in a group. By breaking up the current Approach weight classes into smaller groupings, separation reduction can be safely achieved CANSO 07/03/2014 Page 24

Wake strength for different leader RECAT Phase II aircraft as a function of their wake Approach generation and decay characteristics. Paiwise separation will take those differences into account. A346 CANSO 07/03/2014 Page 25

Wake strength for different leader RECAT Phase II aircraft as a function of their wake Approach generation and decay characteristics. Paiwise separation will take those differences into account. A346 A332 Capacity benefit CANSO 07/03/2014

Methodology Pairwise separation matrix Pairwise separation matrix Consolidation Pairwise matrix Pairwise matrix for pairwise separation application (requiring advance HM) Optimiser tool for defining local n-CAT scheme CANSO 07/03/2014 Predefined 6-CAT schemes for standard traffic mixes

Safety principles WT risk assessment is based on • Relative comparison to today acceptable risk at ICAO separation but ANSPs could use their established categorical systems as baselines as well • Severity assessment : Severity metric characterizing wake strength and wake impact on aircraft • Frequency assessment : WT risk is highly probabilistic • A design case when and where separation matter (long lasting wakes in low wind and close to ground) CANSO 07/03/2014

Safety principles • Relative risk assessment has been used in previous changes to wake turbulence separation Implemented:  New Aircraft (A380, B747-8, B787)  WIDAO, WTMD, 7110.308  RECAT Phase I To be implemented  RECAT IEU  Time Based Separation CANSO 07/03/2014

Safety documents • Generic Safety Case developed for delivery to ICAO to provide assurance that the proposed pair-wise separation minima are acceptably safe • Implementation Safety Case will need to be developed by ANSP to address local deployment and changes to the ATM functional system that are chosen to be made CANSO 07/03/2014