Canberra, Australia 5 7 November 2019 Presented by Matthew Ferran - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Supporting Munitions Safety State of the Art about the Use of Data Loggers in Munition Health Management (MHM) PARARI 2019 Canberra, Australia 5 – 7 November 2019 Presented by Matthew Ferran Christelle Collet TSO Munitions Technology TSO Propulsion Technology m.ferran@msiac.nato.int c.collet@msiac.nato.int Unclassified / Unlimited Distribution 1

What is Munition Health Management? Supporting Munitions Safety Turning Data into Useful Information Prior to any Data Collection: Taking Action Failure Modes Analysis ► Procurement Actions ► Condition Code Changes ► Movement/Usage Actions Getting Data Culling Data Making Data Useful Sensors Comparisons Available Data logging Extremes Processable Inspection Uncertainty Interpretable Testing Actionable Experiment Unclassified / Unlimited Distribution 2

MSIAC Questionnaire on MHM Supporting Munitions Safety • The data provided in this presentation are extracted from  Open literature  2 surveys sent out to the nations in 2013 and in 2019  Answers received in 2013:  Answers received in 2019 (so far)  Australia  The UK  Belgium  Canada  Canada  Singapore  Finland (no use of dataloggers  Norway in operations)  USA  Norway  Germany  The UK  France  Germany  The Netherlands (TNO with MSIAC)  Sweden  And 2 exhibitions held in October 2014 and October 2019 at NATO HQ Unclassified / Unlimited Distribution 3

Australia (2013) Supporting Munitions Safety • Measurement of T (inside and outside storage) and RH in 6 storage locations:  Tropical (Darwin and Townsville)  Hot and dry (Edinburg and Stirling)  Temperate (Orchard Hills)  Cool (Fort Direction) • 6 types of building:  Light frangible brick  Light frangible steel  Earth covered  Heavy wall concrete  Tricon container • Observations:  Earth covered buildings retain higher temperatures compared to light frangible brick buildings  Effect of building orientation on internal temperatures appears to be limited  ISO containers have similar MKT to earth covered building in winter, but the temperature fluctuations are greater  Monitoring in each building is important to use accurate ageing data  Tropical locations have MKT higher than 25°C reference, even in winter  Temperate locations have MKT well below the 25°C reference in winter, and around 25°C in summer according to data from Myambat • AUS intents of placing dataloggers onboard ships to measure vibration Unclassified / Unlimited Distribution 4

Canada (2013) Supporting Munitions Safety • Measurement on 5 types of munitions under 6 storage conditions (Explosive storehouse w/ or w/o A/C, sea can and open stack w/ or w/o sunshade) in Afghanistan  Loggers attached to the munitions, on container or within depot  T & RH measurement + HPLC analysis • Main conclusions  Ammunition stored in approved ammunition packaging and subjected to various storage conditions in the Afghan theatre (i.e. open stack) proved to be within the ammo storage specification  However, ammunition that was taken out of packaging (e.g. ammunition stored on the outside of combat vehicles, exposed to solar radiation) were subjected to temperature conditions exceeding the approved ammunition storage specification  Each storage condition provided a different level of thermal protection  The result of the surveillance testing & analysis indicated that ammunition is safe under the various storage environments in deployed operations in Afghanistan. In particular from the HPLC testing propellant stabilizer results were much better than expected, ie. very little stabilizer degradation. Unclassified / Unlimited Distribution 5

Canada (2019) Supporting Munitions Safety Munition Health Monitoring Implementation in 2017 • Canada has installed:  4 shock trackers to monitor shock during loading, unloading and air transportation  4 humidity data loggers (1 in each sea container) have been installed during 30 days sea shipment to monitor humidity  More than 100 IButton temperature data loggers have been installed on different high value items  For verification purposes, 2 humidity/temperature data loggers have been installed in each storage area to monitor ambient humidity/temperature in these storage areas. Unclassified / Unlimited Distribution 6

The Netherlands – TNO (2013 - 2019) Supporting Munitions Safety  Measurement in several locations during the last +15 years:  Apache helicopters in Djibouti, 2001  Enduring Freedom, Kirgizië, 2002-2003  Tulip Guardian, (Patriots) Turkey, 2003  Mission Iraq, 2003-2004  Afghanistan, 2006-2010  Adana, Turkey (Patriots), since January 2013 7 Unclassified / Unlimited Distribution

Norway (2013) Supporting Munitions Safety • Measurement of T and RH with data logger in ammunition stores onboard ships (Bay of Aden)  Data were exported to computer via USB • Main conclusions  The storage temperature was significantly higher than expected for a long period of time  When these ships return from mission to harbor, and after reading of data, different ammunitions from these stores were disposed  The users are very satisfied with the data loggers used: especially the accuracy, robustness, long battery lifetime and that they are user-friendly Unclassified / Unlimited Distribution 8

Norway (2019) Supporting Munitions Safety • Norway has, since the last survey, continued to use data loggers for monitoring temperature and humidity for ammunition deployed in international operations and on naval vessels. • Issues encountered:  The collection of data is handled manually  struggle to implement the data into their ammunition data system (AMSYS)  Lack of standardization on requirements for MHM technology  Verification of data provided by the technology  Implementation on expensive systems rather than on cheaper ones such as large calibre artillery (but waiting for the CBA) • At the moment, there are no particular plans for extending the use of dataloggers, or change in how data are handled and transferred to AMSYS Unclassified / Unlimited Distribution 9

United Kingdom (2019) Supporting Munitions Safety • UK are currently expanding logging activities to help better define the generic environment and also to develop understanding on particular systems • Examples include:  ‘Tiny Tag’ Environmental Data Loggers (EDL) have been placed within the packaging of GMLRS and Hellfire stored in theatre  Deployment of T&H loggers (in frigates, destroyers and carriers to inform standards and qualification testing. Also, continue to specifically measure one particular air to surface weapon  Efforts being made to collate and assess store house data in UK and overseas  T&H loggers continue to be deployed on operations as deemed necessary but not on a consistent basis  RAF looking at fitting all air launched weapons with T&H loggers  Integrated loggers now starting to become more and more common in the requirements stage • Since 2016, UK are the lead of the NATO Smart Defense Initiative Working Group on MHM:  The aim is to prepare a guide gathering best practices on the implementation of MHM  Current participants include GBR, USA, CAN, NLD, BEL, NOR, GER, AUT, AUS  Final draft expected December 2019 – First issue in 2020 Unclassified / Unlimited Distribution 10

Other Contributions Supporting Munitions Safety • Germany (2013)  In Afghanistan, there was a campaign running to collect local data of environment. Data loggers from the German industry were also collected, which record temperature, humidity and shock close to stored ammunition. All data is electronically collected. • Sweden (2013)  Sensors/loggers aboard our Counter Piracy vessel(s) in the Bay of Aden and on our vessels in the Mediterranean.  Monitoring has also been done inside packing, stores and vehicles in Afghanistan and also as stand-alone sensors, to monitor temperature, humidity, and acceleration/vibration. One manufacturer of monitor used is Tinytag • Singapore (2019)  Currently the MHM technologies are tagged to storage facilities rather than by munition  There is little information regarding MHM technologies suitable for conventional ammunitions. These ammunitions are low-cost but large quantities • Turkey (2013 to 2019)  In 2013, Roketsan had starting a service life monitoring study with Dual Bond Stress Temperature (DBST) sensors. The scope of this study was observing the alterations in propellant stress and thermal during temperature cycles and accelerated ageing.  In 2018, a new study with new DBST sensors began. The aim is to monitor the curing and ageing characteristics of the propellant. Unclassified / Unlimited Distribution 11