Busine Business ss Alternat Alternativ ives es in in Africa’ Africa’s Congo s Congo Basin: Basin: The Case The Case of of Cameroo Cameroon’s s Forest Sector Forest Sector Robert Kozak Dieudonne Alemagi Joleen Timko UBC Faculty of Forestry AFRICAD – Africa Forests Research Initiative on Conservation and Development www.forestry.ubc.ca / www.fact.ubc.ca www.farpoint.forestry.ubc.ca/FP/ ? rkoz ak rob kozak@ubc ca / 604 822 2402
Outlin Outline • Context: – Global Forest Cover & Loss – Global Wealth – Forests in Africa – Concessions in Cameroon • Background: – Cameroon’s Rain Forest, Forest Dependent Communities, Industrial Activities & Wood Markets – Summary – AFRICAD • Current AFRICAD Projects: – Methodologies – Key Findings – A Path Forward Joint Pre-Conference of IUFRO and the UN/ECE Team of Specialists on Forest Products Marketing Hokkaido, Japan, August 2010
Contex Context t – The World The World Source: Worldmapper.org (2008) Joint Pre-Conference of IUFRO and the UN/ECE Team of Specialists on Forest Products Marketing Hokkaido, Japan, August 2010
Contex Context t – Global Forest Global Forest Cover Cover Source: Worldmapper.org (2008) Joint Pre-Conference of IUFRO and the UN/ECE Team of Specialists on Forest Products Marketing Hokkaido, Japan, August 2010
Contex Context t – Global Forest Global Forest Loss Loss Source: Worldmapper.org (2008) Joint Pre-Conference of IUFRO and the UN/ECE Team of Specialists on Forest Products Marketing Hokkaido, Japan, August 2010
Contex Context t – Global Wealth Global Wealth Source: Worldmapper.org (2008) Joint Pre-Conference of IUFRO and the UN/ECE Team of Specialists on Forest Products Marketing Hokkaido, Japan, August 2010
Contex Context t – Forests Forests in in Africa Africa Source: Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (2008) Joint Pre-Conference of IUFRO and the UN/ECE Team of Specialists on Forest Products Marketing Hokkaido, Japan, August 2010
Contex Context t – Forests Forests in in Africa Africa Source: Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (2008) Joint Pre-Conference of IUFRO and the UN/ECE Team of Specialists on Forest Products Marketing Hokkaido, Japan, August 2010
Contex Context t – Concess Concessio ions ns in in Cameroon Cameroon Source: Global Forest Watch, 2005 Joint Pre-Conference of IUFRO and the UN/ECE Team of Specialists on Forest Products Marketing Hokkaido, Japan, August 2010
Backgr Backgrou ound d – Cameroon Cameroon’s Rain Rain Forest Forest Joint Pre-Conference of IUFRO and the UN/ECE Team of Specialists on Forest Products Marketing Hokkaido, Japan, August 2010
Backgr Backgrou ound d – Cameroon Cameroon’s Rain Rain Forest Forest Joint Pre-Conference of IUFRO and the UN/ECE Team of Specialists on Forest Products Marketing Hokkaido, Japan, August 2010
Backgr Backgrou ound d – Forest Forest Depende Dependent nt Communit Communitie ies Joint Pre-Conference of IUFRO and the UN/ECE Team of Specialists on Forest Products Marketing Hokkaido, Japan, August 2010
Backgr Backgrou ound d – Industri Industrial Activiti l Activities Joint Pre-Conference of IUFRO and the UN/ECE Team of Specialists on Forest Products Marketing Hokkaido, Japan, August 2010
Backgr Backgrou ound d – Industri Industrial Activiti l Activities Joint Pre-Conference of IUFRO and the UN/ECE Team of Specialists on Forest Products Marketing Hokkaido, Japan, August 2010
Backgr Backgrou ound d – Forest Forest Depende Dependent nt Communit Communitie ies Joint Pre-Conference of IUFRO and the UN/ECE Team of Specialists on Forest Products Marketing Hokkaido, Japan, August 2010
Backgr Backgrou ound d – Wood Markets Wood Markets Joint Pre-Conference of IUFRO and the UN/ECE Team of Specialists on Forest Products Marketing Hokkaido, Japan, August 2010
Backgr Backgrou ound d – Wood Markets Wood Markets Joint Pre-Conference of IUFRO and the UN/ECE Team of Specialists on Forest Products Marketing Hokkaido, Japan, August 2010
Backgr Backgrou ound d – Wood Markets Wood Markets Joint Pre-Conference of IUFRO and the UN/ECE Team of Specialists on Forest Products Marketing Hokkaido, Japan, August 2010
Backgr Backgrou ound d – Wood Markets Wood Markets Joint Pre-Conference of IUFRO and the UN/ECE Team of Specialists on Forest Products Marketing Hokkaido, Japan, August 2010
Backgr Backgrou ound d – Summary Summary a wealth of forest resources on publicly held lands large, multinational corporations low value, high volume commodity focus reliance on export markets inability to source raw materials for alternative products inability to explore alternative business models marginalization and social exclusion of indigenous peoples impoverished forest-dependent communities community erosion violent conflict Joint Pre-Conference of IUFRO and the UN/ECE Team of Specialists on Forest Products Marketing Hokkaido, Japan, August 2010
Backgr Backgrou ound d – AFRICAD AFRICAD Joint Pre-Conference of IUFRO and the UN/ECE Team of Specialists on Forest Products Marketing Hokkaido, Japan, August 2010
Backgr Backgrou ound d – AFRICAD AFRICAD AFRICAD is committed to a vision of healthy and prosperous forest-dependent communities in Africa where the maintenance of forest resources is considered vital to long-term poverty alleviation, the mitigation of conflicts, and sustainable and equitable economic development. Joint Pre-Conference of IUFRO and the UN/ECE Team of Specialists on Forest Products Marketing Hokkaido, Japan, August 2010
Curren Current AFRICAD Projects t AFRICAD Projects Kozak, R. (2009). Alternative Business Models for Forest-Dependent Communities in Africa: A Pragmatic Consideration of Small- Scale Enterprises and a Path Forward. Madagascar Conservation and Development 4(2):76-81. Timko, J., P. Waeber and R. Kozak. The Socio-Economic Contribution of Non-Timber Forest Products to Rural Livelihoods in Sub- Saharan Africa: Knowledge Gaps and New Directions. Accepted in The International Forestry Review, March 2010. Alemagi, D. and R. Kozak. Illegal Logging in Cameroon: Causes and the Path Forward. Accepted in Forest Policy and Economics, June 2010. Timko, J., R. Kozak and J. Innes. HIV/AIDS and Forests in Sub- Saharan Africa: Exploring the Links Between Morbidity, Mortality, and Dependence on Biodiversity. Accepted in Biodiversity, July 2010. Alemagi, D., S. David and R. Kozak. In prep. Opportunities and Barriers for Community Forest Certification in Cameroon. Alemagi, D. and R. Kozak. In prep. Public Participation in Forest Joint Pre-Conference of IUFRO and the UN/ECE Team of Specialists on Forest Products Management Decisions: The Case of Eight Forest Communities in Marketing Hokkaido, Japan, August 2010 Cameroon.
Curren Current AFRICAD Projects t AFRICAD Projects – Methodol Methodolog ogies es Qualitative strategies: – Secondary data collection • Synthetic reviews of scientific and grey literature, policy analyses – Primary data collection • Interviews, focus groups, enumerated surveys – Community approaches • Participatory research, action research – Grounded theory • Conceptual framework development Joint Pre-Conference of IUFRO and the UN/ECE Team of Specialists on Forest Products Marketing Hokkaido, Japan, August 2010
Curren Current AFRICAD Projects t AFRICAD Projects – Key Finding Key Findings Concession-based forestry still dominates in Cameroon… Cameroon is the 6 th largest exporter of tropical – woods in the world – Concession-based forestry accounts for 3.1% of its GDP – Approximately 67% of the productive forest land is allotted to concessionaires – Approximately US$ 60 million in revenues is generated every year, mostly by foreign owned multinationals Joint Pre-Conference of IUFRO and the UN/ECE Team of Specialists on Forest Products Marketing Hokkaido, Japan, August 2010
Curren Current AFRICAD Projects t AFRICAD Projects – Key Finding Key Findings But concessions are simply not working… – Less than 15,000 individuals are employed by concessionaires – While forest taxes represent a sizable revenue stream for the national government, evidence suggests that little of the funds that are generated trickle back down to communities – The environmental sustainability of this model is increasingly being questioned Joint Pre-Conference of IUFRO and the UN/ECE Team of Specialists on Forest Products Marketing Hokkaido, Japan, August 2010
Curren Current AFRICAD Projects t AFRICAD Projects – Key Finding Key Findings There are alternatives to concession-based models… – Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) – Community forest enterprises (CFEs) – Business associations, clusters, and networks – Alliances with concessionaires – Other decentralized and community-oriented approaches Joint Pre-Conference of IUFRO and the UN/ECE Team of Specialists on Forest Products Marketing Hokkaido, Japan, August 2010
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