Building Performance Evaluation Roderic Bunn Why should I do BPE - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Building Performance Evaluation Roderic Bunn

Why should I do BPE and POE? 2 The built environment experts

Because if you don’t: • Your design assumptions will be poorly informed • You won’t find out how well those design assumptions work in practice • You won’t learn from your mistakes – or your successes • Under-performance will come as a shock, but it might not be your fault • You won’t be able to see where the problems lie – misfiring kit, controls poorly configured, clients running things wastefully, extended hours of use, higher density occupation, or something else... • You’ll join generations of building designers who have gone into denial over under-performance, because pride, premature marketing of sustainable achievements, and a culture of blame frustrates attempts to deliver a professional service to construction clients 3 The built environment experts

DEC/OR DEC/OR DEC/OR DEC/OR DEC/OR DEC/OR DEC/OR DEC/OR TFA m 2 Project Occupied Pupils BREEAM EPC/BER EPC/BER 2010 2010 2011 2011 2011 2012 2012 2012 Bessemer Grange Sept 2010 685 Very good N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A C (64) x Rogiet Primary School Sept 2009 1660 210 Excellent B (32) C (65) N/A N/A Loxford School of Science N/A April 2010 14,610 2030 Excellent B (31) N/A N/A E (116) E (116) &Technology Brine Leas (Sixth Form N/A Sept 2010 2799 300 Very good B (36) B (36) N/A N/A E ( N/A E ( est ) E ( Centre) Stockport Academy Sept 2008 10,490 900 Very good B (47) B (47) E (106) E (106) E ( est ) E ( E (10 N/A E ( N/A Petchey Academy Sept 2007 10,490 1200 Very good C (64)*** C (64)*** G (200) G (200) G (193) G G (200 G D (96) ** F (146) Pennywell Academy June 2009 10,172 860* Very good B (34) B (34) D (96) ** D (96) ** F (146) F (146) Expired Cressex Community Not Not N/A N/A July 2010 11,624 650**** Very good B (31) B (31) N/A N/A N/A School assessed assessed St Peter the Apostle High Not June 2009 16,185 1600 Very good B ( 25)***** B ( 25)***** N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A School assessed TFA: Net floor area EPC: Energy Performance Certificate DEC: Display Energy Certificate BER: Building Emission Rate in KgCO 2 /m 2 per annum OR: Operational Rating in KgCO 2 /m 2 per annum *Design figure. Current occupancy 1100+ **Error on floor area calculation ***Error on fuel source ****Currently under occupied full capacity is 1100 pupils 4 *****Scottish EPC which uses a different methodology The built environment experts x Readings from data logged on www.smeasure.co.uk

Hindsight, insight and foresight in design

A recent history of BPE/POE 1996 – 2001 The PROBE Project Energy consumption often much higher than 1990 benchmarks Feature packed, but not always functional Unmanageably complex controls Buildings not finished at handover 2006 – 2010 Low Carbon Buildings Performance 23 projects awarded DECC grants for renewables and Carbon Trust mentoring Even more feature-packed, but often not functional More unmanageably complex controls and BMS Buildings still not finished or commissioned at handover Energy consumption over 3 times Part L compliance calculations LZC technologies often risky, fragile and bolted on a dysfunctional core 2011 – £8 million TSB-funded Building Performance Evaluation ………Same again? Looking very much like it… Increasing systems complexity, poor commissioning BMS systems impenetrable and confusing Excessive layering of controls with bespoke protocols Lack of training and customer support after handover Energy sub-metering either too little or too much, and often inaccurate 6 The built environment experts

Credibility gaps between virtual performance and actual performance 125 Fabric and systems efficiency improvements Regulatory requirements 100 2 /m 2 per annum Renewables contribution 75 Actual performance 50 Benchmarks kgCO 25 0 Ty pic a l Good 2 0 0 2 2 5 % 2 0 0 6 Ta r ge t P ERC ov e r a ll Building Init ia l pr a c t ic e Re gula t ions r e duc t ion Emissions e missions Emissions c onsumpt ion inc luding up Ra t e ( TER) r e duc t ion Ra t e ( BER) ( f ir st y e a r ) t o 10 % f or r e ne wa ble s Be nc hma r k s Building Re gula t ions 7 The built environment experts

What’s causing the energy waste?  Energy intensive systems Fans, pumps, controls, lighting, catering equipment, ICT, office equipment, refrigeration  Things running for long periods Use of the building outside normal hours, and/or local control that is either absent or difficult for caretakers to exercise  Things left on when not needed Lighting, external security systems, computers and printers on standby or overnight charging, vending machines, fridges and freezers during summer holidays  Things that don’t work properly Systems and controls that are either inappropriate, over-complex, difficult to use and maintain - and often poorly commissioned  Things difficult for occupants to operate and change Controls that are either too basic or too complex 8 The built environment experts

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It’s not just about energy – it’s also about manageability, maintainability and usability… 10 The built environment experts

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Why occupant surveys matter They provide insights on what will make the building comfortable and productive They provide guidance on critical factors for success:  control over environment  human perceptions of comfort and discomfort conditions  tolerance to disturbance  stable or unstable conditions  quality of facilities management  and a wide range of usability and manageability issues 14 The built environment experts

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A tale of two buildings… 19 The built environment experts

Design professionals are still hoodwinked by a good image 20 The built environment experts

Anecdotes underpin the statistical response “ It’s a beautiful work of art, but we have to keep going outside for air” “It’s nice to look at, but not friendly to work in” “It’s very beautiful and fun to show school groups around, but it’s not work or user friendly” 21 The built environment experts

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How will We’ll it work? automate it! 24 The built environment experts

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 The maintenance man has full knowledge of the controls, but staff (carers and nurses) have no knowledge. The FM is finding excessive set point temperatures (One living room had been set to 30 0 C by a nurse). Training may not help much… 26 The built environment experts

How will We’ll it work? automate it! 27 The built environment experts

Basic building blocks of BPE Analysis & reporting Consistent Honest Transparent Comparable Factual Accessible Fairly Complete and Narrative, backed Context fully benchmarked unabridged up by good data recorded Core techniques Other Occupant surveys Facilitation Workshops and appropriate (BUS or equivalent) techniques interviews where needed methods Energy analysis Understanding of Knowledge of Able to use and (TM22 or equiv) benchmarking BMS reporting read sub-meters TSB portfolio of BPE techniques Also techniques listed at www.usablebuildings.co.uk Aptitude, expertise Objective & analytical, Forensic skills: Numerate Literate and experience Good facilitation skills process & technical (energy) (reporting) (& diplomatic!) All this should happen in the Soft Landings process

Now please challenge me… Roderic Bunn

Elizabeth II Court: Soft Landings in practice  A classic opportunity for demonstrating low carbon refurbishment  Shows what is possible given enough time, budget, and a design brief that is informed by analysis and feedback from the existing building  Ambitions for energy use and occupant satisfaction were well informed and realistic  Sustainability and energy efficiency were key project objectives for the refurbishment  The redeveloped 3000 m 2 East block was completed in December 2008 30 The built environment experts

 The buildings were refurbished back to the structure, with new facades and comfort systems  Energy targets 57 kWh/m 2 per annum for fossil fuel and 66 kWh/m 2 per annum for electricity  Combined carbon dioxide emission target of 35 kgCO 2 /m 2 per annum was a 10% improvement over benchmark ( Energy Consumption Guide 19 )  Completion December 2008. Hampshire County Council and the Carbon Trust carried out performance monitoring November 2009 to October 2010  12 month monitored results have come in at 131 kWh/m 2 per annum, 7 per cent higher than the original design target 31 The built environment experts

Energy analysis 32 The built environment experts

Elizabeth II Court survey results Possible 2008 survey SL metrics Covered by CIBSE Codes & Guides As above, but needs more thought These have metric potential Don’t even go there… 33 The built environment experts