TAN LIAT CHOON Department of Land Administration and Development Faculty of Geoinformation Science and Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Supervisor Dr. Khadijah Binti Hussin Brief Brief Intr Introduc oduction About tion About Malay Malaysia sia and and Resear esearch h pr proposal oposal Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) Professor Dr. Hans Mattsson Dr. Jenny Paulsson
Outline of Presentation 1) About Malaysia 2) Land Administration and Cadastral Survey in Malaysia 3) Surveying Practise in Malaysia 4) Surveying Education in Malaysia (These four items above are adapted and modified from the presentation note during FIG Commission 7 Conference 2009 at Kuala Lumpur) 5) Brief Research Proposal
About Malaysia
(MYR)
Former Prime Minister for 20 years
PRIME MINISTER DEPARTMENT, PUTRAJAYA
(HIGHWAY) State road and Municipal road exist everyway Light Railway Train and Monorail only exist in Kuala Lumpur.
Penang Laksa
Sport (Lee Chong Wei) • All England 2010 man single champion
Sport (Nicol David)
Land Administration and Cadastral Survey in Malaysia
Land Surveying responsible by Department of Survey and mapping Malaysia (JUPEM)
Type of Plan (Title)
Type of Plan (Certified Plan for Land Parcel)
Type of Plan (Certified Plan for Strata Parcel)
Type of Plan (Certified Plan for Strata Parcel)
Type of Plan (Certified Plan for Strata & Land Parcel)
Type of Plan (Certified Plan for Stratum Parcel)
Master Degree PhD
POLITEKNIK SULTAN AHMAD SHAH, KUANTAN
(Local student)
TAN LIAT CHOON Department of Land Administration and Development Faculty of Geoinformation Science and Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Supervisor Dr. Khadijah Binti Hussin Pr Propos oposing ing a 3D a 3D Cad Cadast astral al Par arcel cel Le Legisla gislation tion RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Outline of Presentation 1) Definition 2) General Introduction 3) Problem Area 4) Research Questions 5) Research Objectives 6) Research Methodologies 7) Scope and Limitations of the Research 8) Research Significance 9) Research Contributions 10) Research Schedule 11) Publication 12) Conclusion
Definition Land “Land is defined as an area of the surface of the earth together with the water, soil, rocks, minerals and hydrocarbons beneath or upon it and the air above it. It embraces all things which are related to a fixed area or point of the surface of the earth, including the areas covered by water, including the sea.” (Kaufmann and Steudler, 1998) Cadastre “A cadastre is similar to a land register in that it contains a set of records about land. Cadastres are based either on the proprietary land parcel, which is the area defined by ownership; or on the taxable area of land which may be different from the extent of what is owned; or on areas defined by land use rather than by land ownership. Cadastres may support either records of property rights, or the taxation of land, or the recording of land use.’ (UN-ECE, 1996)
-continue Land Administration “The process of regulating land and property development, the use and conservation of land, gathering of revenues from land through sales, leasing and taxation, and resolving conflicts concerning the ownership and use of the land.” (Dale and Mclaughlin (1999) Land Administration System “A good land administration system will guarantee ownership and security of tenure; support land and property taxation; provide security of credit; develop and monitor land market; protect land resources and support environment monitoring; facilitate the management of State-owned land; reduce land disputes; facilitate rural land reform; improve urban planning and infrastructure development; and provide statistical data in support of good government....” (UN-ECE, 2005)
-continue Third dimension play a significant role in determining the legal status of such property, especially in areas with multilayer use of space. 3D cadastre “A 3D cadastre is defines as a cadastre that registers and gives insight into rights and restrictions not only on parcels but on 3D property units. There are three ways to register the 3D cadastre objects: (i) 3D tag in current 2D cadastral registration, (ii) Hybrid cadastre and (iii) Full 3D cadastre” (Stoter, 2004)
-continue 3D property Above surface constructions: • Apartments • Constructions on top of each other • Overhead infrastructure and utilities • Air space Below surface constructions: • Underground constructions • Underground infrastructure and utilities • Region of polluted area • Geological activities (Paulsson, 2007)
General Introduction Introduction The urban population in Asia has increased by 550 million people during 1960-1990 and is expected to increase by 1,286 million people by year 2020. The population of Malaysia has increased from approximately 21.80 million in late 1990s to 27.73 million in 2008 and it is predicted to reach 31 million by 2020. Unfortunately, the existing Malaysian Cadastral System and legislation for 2D parcel is unsuitable for representing the land rights in 3D situations for those rapid increases for development and technical purposes. There are many countries including Malaysia do not have enough vacant land on the ground surface to cater for the rapid development particularly in big cities. It is anticipated that for future urban developments, the alternatives to the land surface would be the space above and below the ground surface and the shallow underwater areas along the seashore which involves marine cadastral. Again, it is anticipated in the near future that a new cadastre will have a system that is complete, methodical, comprehensive and updated documentation of public and private rights, ownership, land use and real estate in the various spaces.
-continue Background and Context A systematic record of lands matters involving registration of the details of transaction such as transfer of land and interest, lease, charge, releasing of easement and change of condition of land is very important in the land administration, planning and development of land. A cadastre is an information system consisting of a series of maps or plans showing the size and location of all land parcels together with text records that describe the attributes of the land. It is essential for everyone involved in land matter to have knowledge of the cadastre because it plays a very important role in Land Administration System. Land is both a physical commodity and an abstract concept of rights of ownership although land may or may not include everything which is attached to it. Without land, there would not be any human activities carry on in the world.
-continue Cadastral Map and Land Title Modern cadastre normally consists of series of large scale cadastral map and corresponding register that showing the value and ownership of land parcel. It provides precise description and identification of particular pieces of land and its acts as a continuous record of rights in land. After final survey of an individual parcel of land or a number of lands, a cadastral map, so- called Certified Plan will be produced for those plot/plots of land. Immediate after the approval of Certified Plan, the document of title will be prepared, approved and issued to the owner. Unfortunately, these Certified Plan, Registry Title and Land Office Title mostly only represents the surface level of ground with individual land parcels by 2D boundaries, descriptions, rights, restrictions and responsibilities. It display geographical data and is vital for revealing spatial relationships and patterns .
-continue The Cadastral System In 1994, Working Group under Commission 7 of the International Federation of Surveyors (FIG), took into consideration essential matters in the era of new public management was assigned to develop a vision for a modern cadastre of 20 years into the future and is known as Cadastre 2014. Another cadastral system based on 3D cadastre objects modelling proposed by Stoter in 2004 provided boundary certainty of 3D cadastre objects particularly regarding 3D property ownership. By 2000, cadastral systems were seen as a multipurpose engine of government operating best when they served administration functions in land rights, responsibilities and focused on delivering sustainable land management. This means that, a mature multipurpose cadastre could be considered as a Land Administration System itself. While, in Malaysia context, cadastral systems are now closely linked with land valuation and taxation systems for taxation purposes and also linked to land registration systems as well.
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