BEST PRACTICES IN DRUG TESTING Workplace Testing Justice - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

BEST PRACTICES IN DRUG TESTING • Workplace Testing • Justice Populations

AUDIENCE POLL / Who are you? 1. Administrator / Human Resources 2. Corrections / Case Manager 3. Business 4. Law Enforcement 5. Health Services 2 Justice Clearinghouse Oct 2017

OVERDOSES SURPASS AUTO DEATHS 3 Justice Clearinghouse Oct 2017

ACROSS ALL AGE GROUPS 4 Justice Clearinghouse Oct 2017

ACROSS ALL DEMOGRAPHICS 5 Justice Clearinghouse Oct 2017

HEROIN OPIOID DEATHS 6 Justice Clearinghouse Oct 2017

ORIGINS OF DRUG TESTING  Dawn of the Industrial Age  Nixon Administration  Reagan Administration 7 Justice Clearinghouse Oct 2017

CASE LAW 4 th Amendment Reasonable expectation to privacy Special needs exclusions 8 Justice Clearinghouse Oct 2017

RATIONALES FOR DRUG TESTING 1. Screen Job Applicants 2. Workplace Safety Protection Productivity 3. Contain Healthcare Costs 4. Deter drug use and relapse/ prevention 5. Determine Accident Liability 6. Encourage Healthy Living and Families 7. Enforce Court Orders / Surveillance 9 Justice Clearinghouse Oct 2017

WORKPLACE TESTING TRENDS 5/16/17 Report on Workplace Testing  Overall positive rate of 4.2% for 2016  Marijuana has increased each of the past three years  CO and WA are twice the national average 10 Justice Clearinghouse Oct 2017

WORKPLACE TESTING  Pre employment  Randomized verification testing  Testing for probable cause  Testing following accident or injury 11 Justice Clearinghouse Oct 2017

WORKPLACE IMPLEMENTATION HURDLES  Workforce resistance  Downsides  Workforce adoption / trust 12 Justice Clearinghouse Oct 2017

WORKPLACE SUMMARY  Purpose  Research  Policies  Educate  Fidelity 13 Justice Clearinghouse Oct 2017

JUSTICE POPULATIONS  Diversion  Juveniles  Pretrial  Adults  Family Courts  Transferred Youth  CPS  Therapeutic Courts  Jails  Target populations  Drug  Probation  Alcohol  Prisons  Co‐occurring disorders  Parole 14 Justice Clearinghouse Oct 2017

INEFFECTIVE DRUG POLICIES  WAR on DRUGS  Mass Incarceration  Family Devastation  Increased Racial Inequality  Jails and Prisons used to treat mental illness 10/12/2 15 Justice Clearinghouse Oct 2017 017

WHAT HAS BEEN LEARNED?  Therapeutic approaches are proven to work when implemented according to design.  Case management is informed by assessments and should be tailored to personal needs. (RNR)  Drug testing encourages drug abstinence.  Regular drug testing coupled with treatment improves outcomes and lessens risk.  Don’t mix low and low‐medium risk offenders with higher risk offenders. 16 Justice Clearinghouse Oct 2017

EVIDENCE BASED KNOWLEDGE FOR TESTING OFFENDER POPULATIONS  National Association of Drug Court Professionals  Adult Drug Court Best Practice Standards Vol II 2015  10 Principles of a Good Testing Program  Michigan Association of Treatment Court Professionals  Standards, Best Practices, Promising Practices  March 2017 17 Justice Clearinghouse Oct 2017

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF DRUG COURT PROFESSIONALS  Frequent Testing  Random Testing  Duration of Testing  Breadth of Testing  Witnessed Collection  Valid Specimens  Accurate and Reliable Methodology  Rapid Results and Consequences  Participant Contract 18 Justice Clearinghouse Oct 2017

MICHIGAN ASSOCIATION OF TREATMENT COURT PROFESSIONALS  Detailed manual for court, officer and donor  Client contract expectations & responsibilities  Scientific, Valid testing Methodology  Collection witnessed, random & unannounced  Confirmed testing unless admits to use  Validity testing/ diluted, adulterated, tampered  Rigid interpretation guidelines  Eliminate interpretation of urine levels  Behavior change intervention strategies  Caveat – drug detection is one dimension 19 Justice Clearinghouse Oct 2017

DRUG COURT SELECTION PROCESS  High needs for drug treatment  Seriously addicted individuals  Preadmission screening and evaluation assessment  Multi‐discipline team case management  Approved by the prosecutor  Voice given to the victim 20 Justice Clearinghouse Oct 2017

WHAT OF THE OTHER POPULATIONS?  Agencies and officers need guidance  GAP – Lower risk offenders  Most offenders come into the system with a history of drug and/or alcohol use and are Court ordered to test  How to apply EBP to case management  Drug testing training guides for officers 21 Justice Clearinghouse Oct 2017

JUSTICE CLIENTS SUMMARY  Purpose  Research  Policies  Educate  Fidelity 22 Justice Clearinghouse Oct 2017

COLLECTIONS STANDARDS  Direct Visual Verification  Chain of Custody  Certified Laboratories  Confirmation Testing  Expert Testimony 23 Justice Clearinghouse Oct 2017

VISUAL MONITORING COLLECTION Female Restroom Male Restroom  One way mirror to view collection  Bluing agent in toilets  No hot water  No chemicals in area  Remove excessive clothing  No items allowed in restroom 24 Justice Clearinghouse Oct 2017

EVASION  Diluted  Adulterant  Substitution  Devices 25 Justice Clearinghouse Oct 2017

CHAIN OF CUSTODY / CONTROL  Document of Order  Collection details  Transportation manifest  Laboratory check in  Verification of sample and Chain  Bar coded to order and testing device  Results Certification 26 Justice Clearinghouse Oct 2017

DETECTION TIMES Media Approximate Detection Period Urine 24‐72 hours Oral Fluid 12‐36 hours / 6‐8 hours THC Head hair: 14‐90 days prior Hair Body hair: 30‐365 days prior Blood 8‐36 hours Sweat 1‐4 weeks (period patch is worn) 27 Justice Clearinghouse Oct 2017

URINE DETECTION TIMES Stimulants: Amphetamines, Cocaine, Ecstasy, 24‐72 hours Bath Salts Narcotics / Narcotic Analgesics: Methadone, Opiates, Propoxyphene 24‐72 hours Sedative Hypnotics Barbiturates, Benzodiazepines 24‐72 hours / 2‐6 wks* Hallucinogens: Marijuana 24‐72 hrs / 2‐6 wks* PCP, LSD 2‐5 days Depressants: Alcohol 1‐12 hours Ethyl Glucuronide (EtG) 8‐72 hours Fentanyl 2 ‐3 days 28 Justice Clearinghouse Oct 2017

GENERAL INFORMATION  Marijuana  Amphetamines  Opiates  EtG 29 Justice Clearinghouse Oct 2017

TRENDING DRUGS  Dextromethorphan (dxm)  Bath Salts  SPICE  Kratom 30 Justice Clearinghouse Oct 2017

TYPES OF EXPOSURE  Sexual intercourse with a drug user  Touching a contaminated surface  Inhaling second‐hand smoke  Consuming products cooked with alcohol  Hand Sanitizer  Mouthwashes 31 Justice Clearinghouse Oct 2017

INCIDENTAL EXPOSURES  Hand sanitizer applied every 15 minutes for 8 hours – Negative  Gargling mouthwash 3 times a day for 5 days – Negative  Gargling mouthwash 4 times a day for 78 hours – Negative  Eating beer brats – Negative  Communion wine – Negative 32 Justice Clearinghouse Oct 2017

THANK YOU For viewing this presentation MARK HENDERSHOT Chief Information Officer mhendershot@tascsolutions.org