AXIS Mirror Assembly (AMA) William W. Zhang NASA Goddard Space - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

AXIS Mirror Assembly (AMA) William W. Zhang NASA Goddard Space Flight Center William W. Zhang AXIS Mtg at UMD 1

Next Generation X-ray Optics Team K.D. Allgood 1 , M.P. Biskach 1 , J. Bonafede 1 , K.W. Chan 2 , M. Hlinka 1 , J.D. Kearney 1 , L.D. Kolos, J.R. Mazzarella 1 , G. Matthews 3 , R.S. McClelland 1 , H. Mori 2 , A. Numata 1 , T. Okajima, L.G. Olsen, R.E. Riveros 2 , T.T. Saha, P.M. Solly 1 , W.W. Zhang NASA Goddard Space Flight Center 1 Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies, Inc. 2 University of Maryland, Baltimore County 3 ATA Aerospace, LLC Collaboration with MIT, MPE, and OAB is beginning. Funded by NASA through GSFC/IRAD, ROSES/APRA, and ROSES/SAT. William W. Zhang AXIS Mtg at UMD 2

The Meta-Shell Approach Meta- Mirror shells Segment s Assembl y Heritage from Chandra, XMM-Newton, Suzaku, & NuSTAR. William W. Zhang AXIS Mtg at UMD 3

How to Build a Meta-Shell? Animation by Britt Griswold and Jay 4 Friedlander

Visualizing AMA Primaries Secondaries 0.4m Stray-light baffles Thermal Baffles & Spider web 1.8 m Mass: ~450 kg William W. Zhang AXIS Mtg at UMD 5

Key Parameters of AMA Parameters Values Focal length 9 m Inner diameter 0.3 m Outer diameter 1.7 m No. of meta-shells 6 No. of mirror shells 298 No. of mirror segments 16,568 Mass of AMA, incl. stray-light baffles, 454 kg thermal baffles, and mounting structures Unobstructed FOV diameter 10 arc-mins 7,700 cm 2 @ 1 keV Effective areas, not accounting for 1,626 cm 2 @ 6 keV detector QE 184 cm 2 @ 12 keV William W. Zhang AXIS Mtg at UMD 6

PSF vs. Off-Axis-Angle Flat Focal Optimal Focal Surface Surface Reality will be somewhere between these two extremes. William W. Zhang AXIS Mtg at UMD 7

AMA Top Level Error Budget Fabrication For a pair of mirrors. Based on normal incidence meas Coating 0.10 coating, and on x-ray measurement. This number for a pair of primary and secondary mirro Alignment 0.10 mirror settling. Based on Hartmann measurement con Meta-Shell This number for a pair of mirrors, including application Construction Bonding 0.10 to bonding. Based on finite elment analysis and model measurement using x-rays. This number respresents the ability to orient and trans Integration of Alignment 0.10 Based on optical Hartmann measurement and fiduciar Meta-shells to Attachment 0.10 Based on optical alignment verification and end-to-end AMA Based on finite element analysis and modeling suppor Launch shift 0.10 term stability. Based on finite element analysis and modeling which i Ground to Orbit Gravity release 0.10 measurement of large numbers of trials of individual m Effects respect to gravity. On-orbit thermal 0.10 Based on thermal modeling and analysis. This is the on-axis performance of XMA on orbit. Add e On Orbit Performance (RSS) 0.33 the final obervatory-level PSF. William W. Zhang AXIS Mtg at UMD 8

Four Technical Elements • Mirror fabrication – Grind and polish – Finish with an ion-beam • Coating – Sputter iridium with a magnetron – Eliminate stress • Alignment – Fine-tune the heights of spacers – Settle the mirror into alignment with acoustics • Bonding – Bond the mirror to its four spacers with adhesive William W. Zhang AXIS Mtg at UMD 9

Technology Status • Mirror fabrication – Consistently making 0.6” mirrors – Expect to reach 0.2” or better by 2019 • Coating – Doing ~1” – At least two different methods are being investigated, one at GSFC and the other at MIT • Alignment – Doing ~1” or slightly better – Expect to reach 0.5” by late 2018 and 0.2” by 2019 • Bonding – Doing ~1” or slightly better – Expect to reach 0.5” by later 2018 and 0.2” by 2019 William W. Zhang AXIS Mtg at UMD 10

Recent X-ray Test Result Secondary Mirror Primary Mirror Silicon Plate Two uncoated mono-crystalline silicon Full illumination with Ti-K X-rays ( 4.5 mirrors aligned and bonded on a keV ) silicon platform William W. Zhang AXIS Mtg at UMD 11

Three Prongs of Development Meta-Shells (TRL-6) Multiple-Pair Modules (TRL-5) Single-Pair Modules (TRL-4) Objectives: Objectives: Objectives: 1. Debug and verify mirror 1. Debug and verify co- 1. Debug and verify every fabrication process. alignment process. step of meta-shell 2. Debug and verify the 2. Conduct manufacturing process. basic elements of environmental tests: 2. Validate production alignment & bonding vibration, thermal schedule and co st procedures. vacuum, and estimates. acoustic. Timeline: Timeline: Timeline: 2017: 3” HPD 2018: 3” HPD 2019: 3” HPD 2018: 1” HPD 2019: 1” HPD 2020: 1” HPD 2019: 0.5” PD 2020: 0.5” HPD 2022: 0.5” HPD 2020: ~0.2” HPD 2022: ~0.2” HPD 2024: ~0.2” HPD William W. Zhang AXIS Mtg at UMD 12

Cost of Making AMA • Part of a credible case for AXIS must include a reasonable cost estimate for making AMA. • We must provide concrete empirical evidence for the cost estimating professionals to arrive at a reasonable number. • Here is the beginnings of documenting a case: – Each mirror substrate production costs $2000 in labor, and $2000 in material and equipment. – Each mirror costs $1000 in labor to align and bond and $1000 in equipment and material. – AXIS’s ~20,000 mirror segments cost: $120M – Each meta-shell costs $5M to test and quality. – AXIS’s 6 meta-shells cost $30M to test and qualify. – The alignment and integration of the 6 meta-shells costs $20M • AMA cost: $120M + $30M + $20M = $170M. William W. Zhang AXIS Mtg at UMD 13