Awareness Raising of Child to Parent Violence for Practitioners in - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Awareness Raising of Child to Parent Violence for Practitioners in Ireland– Evidence from Research Child t o Parent Violence: European Perspect ives Sallis Benney Theat re, Universit y of Bright on, England 29 t h January 2015 With financial support from the DAPHNE Programme of the European Union.

Presenters Eileen Laust er, RCPV Proj ect Research Assist ant Fellow, Nat ional Universit y of Ireland, Galway Declan Coogan, Lect urer in S ocial Work, S chool of Polit ical S cience & S ociology, Nat ional Universit y of Ireland Galway, RCPV Proj ect Lead in Ireland

Tuning In… .Aims  Int roduct ions  R eview of Child t o Parent Violence  Prevalance abroud and in Ireland  Int roduct ion t o t he Non Violent R esist ance Programme  R esearch Met hodology  R esearch R esult s  R esearch Anaylsis  Key learning and Messages

Responding to Child to Parent Violence Proj ect

Where does child to parent violence take place?  Across all socio-economic and cult ural groups  (Avrahim-Krehwinkel & Aldridge 2010; Omer 2004, 2011; Laust er et al 2014)  S ome families develop repeat ed pat t erns of int eract ion t hrough conflict which leads t o recurrent cycles of violence.  Mot hers parent ing alone following exit from domest ic violence.  (Omer 2004, Omer & Weinblat t 2008, Coogan 2012, Coogan & Laust er 2014).  Two parent families – oft en well educat ed and middle class, wit h “ over ent it led” children  (Gallagher 2004, 2008, 2014).

Is there a lot of child to parent violence in families?  Figures vary but some argue 18% of t wo parent and 29% of one parent families  (Walsh & Krienert 2009)  Pagani et al (2009) - among 15/ 16 year olds, 12.3% of males and 9.5% of females were physically aggressive t owards t heir fat hers in t he previous six mont hs.

Prevalence from Research in Ireland  Approximat ely, how many families do you current ly work wit h? Mean 17.28 St d Deviat ion 12.53  In how many of t he families t hat you have ident ified above are t here concerns about violence by anyone in t he family? 8.19 St d Deviat ion 9.10  In how many of t he families t hat you have ident ified above are t here concerns about violence by children/ young person in t he family? 3.86 St d Deviat ion 4.50

Approx. Number of Families

Families Experiencing Violence

Families Experiencing CPV

The Core Elements of the Non-Violent Resistance Programme. (Omer 2004; Weinblat t & Omer 2008; Coogan & Laust er 2014a, 2014b; Laust er et al 2014).

The Core Elements of the Non Violent Resistance Programme.  Commit ment .  Declarat ion of commit ment  Breaking t he escalat ion t o Non Violence Resist ance. cycle – ending behaviour pat t erns & pressing t he  Non violent resist ance & pause but t on. prot est – refusal of orders, service st rike, prot est sit in  S t epping out of secrecy – t he support er net work.  Reconciliation S t eps - drawing out posit ive aspect s of child’s  Increasing parent al personalit y. presence.  Ext ernalise t he behaviour.

Goals of S elf-Efficacy Training  Increase capacity and skills of front line workers t o recognise and respond t o CPV .  Ensure workers are able t o feel confident t o work in t his area. S elf-Efficacy Training Format  Facilit at ed by Declan Coogan alone or wit h Eileen Laust er.  Used short present at ions of t opics followed by small group discussions and role plays wit h an emphasis on CBT , solut ion focused t herapy and syst emic t echniques.  Solicit ed quest ions oft en and provided an overall posit ive experience for t rainees. (see WS4 for Training Evaluat ions).

Research Methodology  Number of t rainings  Pre-Training, Post -Training and Follow-up Int erviews  Number of complet ed quest ionnaires  Descript ion of Quest ionnaires  Percent ages of males and females  Educat ion levels  Experience post lat est qualification

Research Methodology  Number of t rainings- S ix t rainings from July 2013 t o S ept . 2014 all held in Ireland on t he Non Violent Resist ance programme.  Number of complet ed quest ionnaires- 145 people at t ended one or bot h days of t he t raining and of t hese 140 complet ed S elf- Efficacy Quest ionnaires 1 and/ or 2. Of t hese, 110 at t endees complet ed bot h Quest ionnaires 1 and 2.  Percent ages of males and females- 80% females and 20% males.  Educat ion levels- Cert ificat e 9% , Degree 26% , Post graduate Diploma 30% , Mast ers 26% , PhD 2% , Ot her 7% .  Experience level post lat est qualificat ion- Newly qualified 5% , Two t o Five years 17% , S ix t o Twelve years 38% , Over Twelve years 40% .

Questions Format and Reliability  Descript ion of Quest ionnaires- The first 42 quest ions in Quest ionnaire 1 and 2 are ident ical. They are Likert scaling quest ions for a st at ement rat ed 1-S t rongly Agree, 2-Agree, 3- Neit her Agree nor Disagree, 4-Disagree, and 5-S t rongly Disagree.  Grouping of Quest ions and Cronback’s Alpha result s- Worker Confidence Levels wit h Parent s- .762, Worker Confidence Levels wit h Children/ Y oung People- .761, Worker S kill Levels wit h Parent s- .808 and Worker S kill Levels wit h Children/ Y oung People- .792.

Research Analysis  Any missing dat a for each quest ion was discarded. The paired T-Test was performed in SPSS. Of t he 28 quest ions t hat were analysed, 25 had st at ist ically significant result s. This means t hat t he overall increase in ranking scores for each of t he four headings was not due t o chance.  The first quest ion was not found t o be st at ically significant . We believe it was due t o it being worded in t he negat ive.  The ot her t wo quest ions t hat were not st at ist ically significant were in t he Confidence wit h Working wit h Children Sect ion. We believe t his was due t o t he NVR programme focus on working wit h parent s and not young people in part icular. Therefore, many of t hose at t ending eit her work or have an int erest primarily wit h parent s and less int erest or experience working wit h young people.

Follow Up Interviews Results  There were 10 Follow-Up Int erviews wit h pract it ioners held t hree or more mont hs aft er t hey had at t ended t he t raining  S even of t he t en pract it ioners implement ed t he NVR programme wit h parent s in t heir workplace in t he int ervening period  The remaining t hree pract it ioners said t hey would have liked t o implement t he t raining; however t hey had not encount ered any referrals relat ing t o CPV prior t o t he Follow-Up Int erviews.

Key Learning & Messages  The t raining in t he Non Violent Resist ance programme developed and implement ed by t he RCPV proj ect increased pract it ioner awareness and underst anding of child t o parent violence;  The t raining programmes developed and implement ed by t he RCPV Proj ect increased pract it ioner self-efficacy;  The t raining programmes developed and implement ed by t he RCPV Proj ect provided pract it ioners wit h t he relevant skills t o work wit h parent s and children when child t o parent violence t akes place;  The RCPV S elf Efficacy Quest ionnaires are st at ist ically reliable measurement s/ t ools t hat can be used in fut ure research;  The fact t hat request s for RCPV t raining exceeded t he resources of t he proj ect t o provide t he t raining wit hin t he lifespan of t he proj ect highlight s t he fact t hat child t o parent violence is a growing social problem and t here is a high demand for t he pract it ioner t raining packages t hat were developed as part of t he Proj ect .

Key Learning & Messages (con’ t)  As t he Proj ect is making t he t raining and research resources freely available via t he end of proj ect conference and t he www.rcpv.eu websit e, furt her t raining and research should be provided t o t rack t he development of pract ice, policy and research responses t o t his problem.  Fut ure research could explore parent / carer self-efficacy in relat ion t o responding t o child t o parent violence.

More Information on the RCPV Proj ect and Child to Parent Violence www.rcpv.eu www.cpvirelrand.ie