Energy for a sustainable future Australian distributor for January 2016
Grid Edge / The Company At Grid Edge we are truly passionate about what we do. We are a company of engineers and business people driven to deliver both off grid and on grid energy supply to all levels of consumer demand, all with an aim of being the best and most trusted renewable energy system company in the business. At Grid Edge we believe in making the environmental changes necessary today, because tomorrow may be too late. That's why we spent a lot of effort in finding technologies that have been tested and proven and won't cause any environmental problems for today or for tomorrow. Grid Edge now has secured the Australian wide distributor rights to a proven storage technology that meets all its criteria. · A battery that is not only 100% recyclable, but also has a recycle program in place. · A battery that is safe enough that you could store it under the dining room table of your home. · A battery that can handle a large operating range and can operate even under extreme conditions. · And also, as importantly, a battery that doesn't use any of our precious metal resources. 2
Grid Edge has a vision of building large-scale renewable installations across Australia and the South Pacific. We believe this is one way that we can make a much greater impact on climate change and the degradation of our planet. With this in mind, Grid Edge set out to find partners to form a consortium that aligned with our ideals. As a result, our Grid Edge consortium is made up of these major partners. • Enphase Energy who design and manufacturer micro solar inverters and monitoring equipment. Enphase Energy is dedicated to bringing an unprecedented level of quality and reliability to the solar industry. • Q.Cells a manufacturer of photovoltaic (PV) solar cells, a global market leader in solar panel manufacture. Q.Cells has proven themselves to be the most durable panels on the market and they have some of the strongest warranties around. • ABB is a leader in power and automation technologies that enable utility, industry and transport and infrastructure customers to improve their performance while lowering environmental impact. • FIAMM As the market leader, FIAMM researched and developed, owns and uses Sodium Nickel Chloride technology (SoNick) and offers batteries and storage solutions, scalable for all sizes, ranging from residential and industrial to national utility applications. The FIAMM SoNick technology solves the environmental recycling challenge, as all components are 100% recyclable. This means, FIAMM technology fulfils the holistic call for fully ecological energy usage. The Grid Edge consortium now has all the right components in place to help build a sustainable future for everyone. John Ballis CEO Grid Edge pty ltd 3
FIAMM Group / The Company FIAMM, a company established in 1942 produces and commercializes: • Starter batteries • Industrial batteries • Acoustic devices, antennas and cable systems 2014 Turnover 584 M€ 40% Automotive sector 60% 2014 Employees 3,300 Energy sector Pag 2 4
FIAMM Energy Storage Solutions FIAMM SpA is an Italian company with a global industrial presence in the automotive and energy storage businesses. Founded in 1942, nowadays FIAMM is a world leader for the production of starter batteries , car horns and industrial batteries. With more than 3000 employees FIAMM runs nine manufacturing plants in Europe, China, North and South America and has a network of commercial offices and sales representative all around the world. Among the customers of FIAMM can be mentioned all the major car manufacturers, the telecom companies and the larger utility companies. The headquarters of the company is located in Vicenza (Italy) together with the Groups main research centre for the development of energy storage systems. 5
Energy Storage Solutions FIAMM has been working on the Sodium-Nickel Chloride batteries since 2006 and in 2010 acquired Fz-Sonick, now FIAMM-Sonick, the first company to produce, on an industrial scale, Sodium-Nickel Chloride batteries. FIAMM-Sonick is based at its manufacturing plant in Stabio (CH). On December 2012, a new sister company named FIAMM Energy Storage Solutions (FESS) was established in Montecchio Maggiore -VI. The main goal of FESS is to design, assemble and distribute energy storage systems for on and off grid applications. FIAMM is a world leader in the design and manufacture of energy storage systems for telecom applications with experience of more than 40 years in this business. FIAMM, besides its traditional lead-acid batteries, is introducing an new energy storage technology for telecom applications based on the Sodium-Nickel Chloride battery chemistry. FIAMM has recently developed a 48V battery range for telecom backup applications. 6
FIAMM Group / Strategic Guidelines General Lighting SoNick Batteries: - OLED - Energy Storage (Organic Light - Backup (TLC) Emitting Diode) Micro Hybrid - Electric Vehicles Vehicles : - Start & Stop Batteries Automotive / - Batteries - Horns - Antennae and Cables Back-up - Back-up Batteries New Core Proximity Business Business Business 7
FIAMM Sonick / Cell Chemical Reactions The active materials are: in the discharged state (when manufacturing): sodium chloride and metal powders (mainly nickel) in the charged state (after first charge) they are converted to: sodium and metal chlorides 2NaCl + Ni NiCl 2 + 2Na discharged cell charged cell The operating temperature of the cell is around 270 ° C The electrolyte is in molten state (NaAlCl4, as catholyte) and in solid state, ß”alumina, which provides fast transport of sodium ions and ensures the electrical insulation between anode and cathode. 8
FIAMM Sonick / Cell Data Voltage: 2.20-2.70 Volt (2.58 V on open circuit) Capacity: 38 Ah Dimensions: 36 x 36 x 220 H mm Weight: 685 g Specific Energy : 140 Wh/kg (Pb 25-35 Wh/kg) Specific Energy : 280 Wh/l (Pb 70-100 Wh/l) Specific Power: 245 W/kg Power Density: 491 W/l Note: the energy density (Wh/l) of the assembled battery is significantly lower due to the presence of the thermal insulation and the integrated battery management system. 9
FIAMM Sonick / Cell Assembly 1 2 3 Ref. Quantity Description Material 1 1 Positive pole terminal Nickel 4 2 1 Anode top lid Nickel plated steel 5 8 3 1 Cathode outer lid Nickel 7 4 1 Cathode current collector Nickel 6 5 1 Carbon felt Carbon 9 6 1 Cathode Collar Nickel 7 1 Alfa alumina collar Alfa Alumina 8 1 Anode Collar Nickel 9 4 Shims Nickel plated steel β " Alumina Electrolyte β " Alumina 10 1 10 11 1 Metal Case Nickel plated steel 12 1 Case bottom Nickel plated steel 11 12 10
FIAMM Sonick / Cell Manufacturing — Technology — — Output — • Ceramic Granulation • Beta-AlluminaTube Ceramic • Isostatic Pressing • Alfa Allumina Collar Process • Sintering Oven • Assembly tube-collar • Thermocompression Bonding • Powder mixing • Granulated Active Metallurgic • Roll Compactation & Chemical Mass Process • Salt Synthesis • Catholite • Laser welding • Vacuum Drying • Complete Cell Cell Assembly • Active Materals filling • Laser sealing • Box welding Battery • Finished Battery • Formation oven Assembly • Activation charge & Testing • Packaging BMS 11
FIAMM Sonick / Technology 12
FIAMM Sonick / Technology Battery Steel container Heating elements Electrical insulation sheets Intercell connectors Thermal insulation Cells Cooling unit Battery Control Unit 13
FIAMM Sonick / Safety + Typical failure mode results in a low resistance path with reduced energy release + Steel cell case, inner steel case for housing the cells + Steel battery case with thermal insulation + BMS diagnostics disconnects the battery in case of serious failure + Health and safety evaluation by US DoE National Renewable Energy Laboratory 14
FIAMM Sonick / Material Elementary Composition The composition of a sodium-nickel cell is as follows: Nickel is present as active material, as cathode Ni 23 % current collector and protective coating of steel. Iron is present as active material and as steel in Fe 24 % the metal container Na 8 % Sodium is present as active material and in the Cl 19 % catholite Aluminum is present as salt (catholite) and as Al 16 % oxide in the ceramic O 9 % Chlorine is present as active material and in catholite Oxygen is present as oxide in the ceramics 15
FIAMM Sonick / Cell Recycling A battery recycling infrastructure is necessary to process spent batteries without adverse impact on the environment. The sodium-nickel cell can be conveniently recycled in existing infrastructures for processing waste materials from the production of stainless steel. + Low environmental impact: • Zero ambient emissions • Free of highly toxic materials • 100% recyclable stainless steel, nickel, iron, salt, ceramic Salt 20% 32% Cu Miscellaneous 22% 2% 4% Ni 20% Fe Ceramic 16
FIAMM Sonick / Health and Safety Safety Evaluation + A detailed evaluation of the Health and Safety Issues of the Sodium-Metal Chloride battery, performed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory – US Department of Energy, is available. 17
FIAMM Sonick / Recycling Process 18
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