Assessment of Residual Radioisotopes Following F-18 Radionuclide - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Assessment of Residual Radioisotopes Following F-18 Radionuclide Production Imam Kambali Center for Radioisotope and Radiopharmaceutical Technology National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN) ICTP, Trieste, Italy Puspiptek Area, Serpong, South Tangerang, INDONESIA - 15314 Trieste, 2-13 October 2017 Email: imamkey@batan.go.id

1. In Introducti ction Fluorine-18 (F-18) is used in nuclear medicine for cancer diagnosis At Dharmais Cancer Hospital in Jakarta, F-18 is produced using an 11-MeV proton accelerating cyclotron F-18 production generates a vast number of secondary neutrons which are scattered off and/or transmitted into surrounding materials It could potentially generate residual radioisotopes in the cyclotron vicinity which eventually become major safety concerns over radiation exposure to the workers Radiation measurement and radioisotope identification are required 18 O(p,n) 18 F Surrounding materials Proton beam neutrons H 2 18 O target 06/03/2017 2 www.batan.go.id

2. Exp 2. xperiment ments F-18 production was done using an 11-MeV cyclotron at Dharmais Cancer Hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia 18 O were detected Residual radionuclides in post-irradiated H 2 Radiation in the cyclotron vicinity were detected, including the cyclotron’s shielding, cyclotron tank/chamber, cave wall as well as target system Outer surface of cyclotron chamber Outer surface of cyclotron shielding Target system Inner surface of cyclotron shielding 06/03/2017 3 www.batan.go.id

2. 2. Exp xperiment ments Concrete wall Eclipse 11 MeV Cyclotron Power supply UPS Cyclotron shielding Control room 11-MeV cyclotron cave in Dharmais Cancer Hospital, Jakarta 06/03/2017 4 www.batan.go.id

2. 2. Exp xperiment ments Havar window Silver body / tube Collimator Proton beam Enriched water target Rear screws Target system for F-18 production at Dharmais Cancer Hospital, Jakarta 06/03/2017 5 www.batan.go.id

2. 2. Exp xperiment ments Radiation detection and measurement was performed using HPGe based gamma ray spectrometer and NaI based portable gamma ray spectrometer TALYS Evaluated Nuclear Data (TENDL 2015) were employed to study the origin of residual radioisotopes 06/03/2017 6 www.batan.go.id

3. 3. Results ts and D Discuss cussion ion 3.1 Gamma spectrum of residual radioisotopes detected in 18 O Irradiated H 2 800 60 700 40  Sample was measured 2 600 intensity (counts) 20 days following F-18 500 production 0 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000  Measurement was done 400 using HpGe based gamma 300 spectroscopy system 200 100 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 energy (keV) 06/03/2017 7 www.batan.go.id

3. Results 3. ts and D Discuss cussion ion 18 O, 2 3.1 Residual Radioisotopes Detected in Irradiated H 2 Days Following F-18 Production Eγ (keV) Nuclear Reaction Source Radio- T 1/2 nuclide (days) 57 Co 271.8 122 60 Ni(p, α ) 57 Co; 58 Ni(p, 2p ) 57 Co; Havar 58 Ni(n, 2n ) 57 Co 57 Ni 1.496 511, 1378 58 Ni(p, pn ) 57 Ni; 58 Ni(p, d ) 57 Ni; 59 Co(p, X ) 57 Ni Havar 58 Co 70.83 811 58 Fe(p, n ) 58 Co; 58 Ni(n,p) 58 Co; 59 Co(n,2n) Havar 58 Co 54 Mn 312.1 835 58 Fe(n,p) 54 Mn; 55 Mn(n,2n) 54 Mn Havar 56 Co 77.24 847 56 Fe(p, n ) 57 Co; 56 Fe(p,2 n ) 57 Co Havar 55 Co 0.730 931, 2557 58 Ni(p, α ) 55 Co Havar 52 Mn 5.591 936, 1434 52 Cr(p, n ) 52 Mn Havar 48 V 15.974 983, 1312 49 Ti(p,2 n ) 48 V Havar 109 Ag( n,γ ) 110 Ag 110 Ag 250 657, 885, 937 Silver body 06/03/2017 8 www.batan.go.id

3. Results 3. ts and D Discuss cussion ion 3.1 Radiation Detected in the Outer Surface of the Cyclotron Chamber 7000 900 54 Cr(p,n) 54 Mn (a) 55 Mn(n,2n) 54 Mn (b) Annihilation 800 6000 peak Nuclear Cross-section (mbarn) 700 5000 600 intensity (count) 4000 500 400 3000 300 54 Fe(n,p) 54 Mn 2000 Mn-54 200 1000 100 0 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Proton or Neutron Energy (MeV) Energy (MeV) (a) Gamma ray emissions detected in the outer surface of the cyclotron chamber (at 90 o with respect to the incoming proton beam), and (b) TALYS-calculated nuclear cross-sections of 54 Cr(p,n) 54 Mn, 54 Fe(n,p) 54 Mn, and 55 Mn(n,2n) 54 Mn reactions. 06/03/2017 9 www.batan.go.id

3. Results 3. ts and D Discuss cussion ion 3.2 Radiation Detected in the Inner Surface of the Shielding 5 5 x 10 2000 Cross-section (mbarn) (1) 151 Eu(n,  ) 152 Eu 4 (3) 16000 (2) 133 Cs(n,  ) 134 Cs 1000 (3) 45 Sc(n,  ) 46 Sc 3 (4) Mn-54 1500 Annihilation 14000 (4) 59 Co(n,  ) 60 Co (1) peak (5) 2 (5) 64 Zn(n,  ) 65 Zn 0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 12000 1 (2) 1000 intensity (count) 0 Zn-65 10000 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 0.012 0.014 0.016 0.018 0.02 Energy (MeV) 8000 500 10000 (6) 54 Fe(n,p) 54 Mn Cross-section (mbarn) (1) 6000 (7) 55 Mn(n,2n) 54 Mn 8000 (2) 0 6000 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 4000 (7) 4000 Mn-54 (6) (5) 2000 Zn-65 2000 0 0 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 5 10 15 20 25 30 Energy (MeV) Energy (MeV) (a) Gamma ray emissions detected in the inner surface of the Eclipse 11 cyclotron’s shielding (b) TALYS-calculated nuclear cross-sections of several trace elements present in the shielding and wall of the cyclotron cave in Dharmais Cancer Hospital, Jakarta 06/03/2017 10 www.batan.go.id

3. Results 3. ts and D Discuss cussion ion 3.2 Radiation Detected in the Outer Surface of the Shielding 5 5 x 10 500 2000 Cross-section (mbarn) (1) 151 Eu(n,  ) 152 Eu Annihilation (a) 4 (3) peak (2) 133 Cs(n,  ) 134 Cs 400 intensity (count) 1000 (3) 45 Sc(n,  ) 46 Sc (4) 3 300 (4) 59 Co(n,  ) 60 Co Eu-152 (1) (5) 2 (5) 64 Zn(n,  ) 65 Zn 0 200 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 1 (2) 100 0 0.002 0.004 0.006 0.008 0.01 0.012 0.014 0.016 0.018 0.02 0 Energy (MeV) 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Energy (MeV) (b) (a) Gamma ray emissions detected in the outer surface 4 count rate (count/s) of the Eclipse 11 cyclotron’s shielding (b) Angular distribution of the Eu-152 gamma ray 3 intensities 2 (c) TALYS-calculated nuclear cross-sections of several trace elements present in the shielding and wall of 1 the cyclotron cave in Dharmais Cancer Hospital, -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Angle ( o ) Jakarta 06/03/2017 11 www.batan.go.id

3. 3. Results ts and D Discuss cussion ion 3.3 Radiation Detected in the Target System 3.3.1 Havar window 4 1000 5x 10 96 Mo(p,n) 96 Tc (1) (a) (b) Pb (2) 55 Mn(p,n) 55 Fe (1) X-rays 800 nuclear cross-section (mbarn) 4 59 Co(p,n) 59 Ni (3) 184 W(p,n) 184 Re (6) Co-56 Annihilation 56 Fe(p,n) 56 Co intensity (count) (4) 58 Ni(p,n) 58 Cu (7) peak 600 52 Cr(p,n) 52 Mn 3 (5) (4) (2) (3) 400 2 (5) Co-56 200 1 (6) (7) 0 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 proton ennergy (MeV) Energy (MeV) (a) Gamma ray emissions detected in the Havar window, and (b) (b) TALYS-calculated nuclear cross-sections of possible proton-induced radionuclides 06/03/2017 12 www.batan.go.id

3. Results 3. ts and D Discuss cussion ion 3.3 Radiation Detected in the Target System 3.3.2 Collimator 1000 4 2.5 x 10 96 Mo(p,n) 96 Tc (1) Annihilation (b) peak (2) 55 Mn(p,n) 55 Fe (1) 800 nuclear cross-section (mbarn) 2 59 Co(p,n) 59 Ni (3) 184 W(p,n) 184 Re (6) Co-56 56 Fe(p,n) 56 Co (4) Pb X-rays intensity (count) 58 Ni(p,n) 58 Cu (7) 600 1.5 52 Cr(p,n) 52 Mn (5) (4) (2) (3) 1 400 (5) Co-56 0.5 200 (6) 0 (7) 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.5 0 Energy (MeV) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 proton ennergy (MeV) Gamma ray emissions captured by the portable gamma ray spectrometry system from the collimator in the target system 06/03/2017 13 www.batan.go.id

3. Results 3. ts and D Discuss cussion ion 3.3 Radiation Detected in the Target System 3.3.3 Target Body 5 6 2 x 10 4.5 x 10 4 109 Ag(p,2n) 108 Pd 2.5 x 10 Ag-110m (a) 1800 (b) 4 1200 nuclear cross-section (mbarn) 3.5 2 1.5 600 intensity (count) 3 0 1.5 Ag-110m 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 2.5 Ag-110m 1 109 Ag(n,  ) 110m Ag 109 Ag(p,n) 109 Cd 2 1 25 1.15 1.3 1.45 20 1.5 0.5 Pb X-ray 10 1 0 0.5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.55 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Energy (MeV) proton or neutron energy (MeV) -7 x 10 (a) Gamma ray emissions detected in the silver body, and 109 Ag( n,γ ) 110m Ag, 109 Ag(p,n) 109 Cd (b) TALYS-calculated nuclear cross-sections of and 109 Ag(p,2n) 108 Pd nuclear reactions 06/03/2017 14 www.batan.go.id

3. Results 3. ts and D Discuss cussion ion 3.3 Radiation Detected in the Target System 3.3.4 The Rear Screw 6 2 x 10 3500 200 (a) (b) 10 Mn-52 51 Mn(n,  ) 52 Mn 3000 150 nuclear cross-section (mbarn) Co-60 59 Co(n,  ) 60 Co 1.5 2500 100 Pb X-rays Co-60 intensity (count) 5 50 2000 1 0 1500 0.95 1.15 1.35 1.55 0 0 5 10 15 20 1000 Annihilation 0.5 peak Mn-54 500 51 Mn(n,  ) 52 Mn 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.55 0 1 2 3 4 Energy (MeV) proton ennergy (MeV) -8 x 10 (a) Gamma ray emissions detected in the rear screw of the target system, and (b) TALYS-calculated nuclear cross-sections of 51 Mn( n,γ ) 52 Mn and 59 Co(p,n) 60 Co 06/03/2017 15 www.batan.go.id