ASDWA - USGS Webinar Potential Human Exposure and Health Outcomes: - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

ASDWA - USGS Webinar Potential Human Exposure and Health Outcomes: Monitoring & Modeling to Address Data Gaps Probability of As > 10 µ g/L

Environmental Health Mission Area: Drinking Water & Wastewater Infrastructure Assess and differentiate the environmental contaminant and pathogen exposures that cause actual health risks versus those that are only perceived: Drinking Water and Municipal Wastewaters Leads: Paul Bradley, Kelly Smalling Modified from Glassmeyer et al. Team: Denise Akob, Katherine Akstin, Brian Andraski, Joe Ayotte, Bill Battaglin, Jason Berninger, Jimmy Clark, Isabella Cozarelli, Laura DeCicco, James Gray, Christopher Greene, Brad Huffman, Jeanne Jaeschke, Celeste Journey, Ronald Kauble, Doug Kent, Matthias Kohler, Dana Kolpin, Denis LeBlanc, Melissa Lombard, Michelle Lorah, Jason Masoner, Blaine McCleskey, Tim McCobb, Shannon Meppelink, Carol Morel, Stanley Mroczkowski, Deborah Repert, Kristin Romanok, Alan Shapiro, Richard Smith, Clarie Tiedeman, Andrea Tokranov, Jennifer Underwood, Alan Vajda, Toby Wellborn CTT: Alvarez, Barber, Givens, Hladik, Iwanowicz, Jones, Lane, Leet, Meyer MRDP: Gray, Furlong, Sandstrom

Assessing exposures from drinking water at the point of use: USGS collaborative tapwater research.

Assessing exposures from drinking water at the point of use: USGS collaborative tapwater research. Paul M. Bradley, U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia, South Carolina Michael J. Focazio, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia Dana W. Kolpin, U.S. Geological Survey, Iowa City, Iowa Kristin M. Romanok, U.S. Geological Survey, Lawrenceville, New Jersey Kelly L. Smalling, U.S. Geological Survey, Lawrenceville, New Jersey

USGS Drinking-Water Quality Science: Lessons Learned Inorganic contaminants occur more frequently and above existing DW standards in DW sources than organic contaminants Advanced detection and quantitation technologies lead to low-level detections of organic contaminants in DW sources. “You will find it if you look hard enough” Mixtures of contaminants are the rule not the exception. Monitoring all contaminants everywhere is not possible Human exposure through DW is inadequately addressed due to sampling locations and times Potential linkages between DW exposures and human-health outcomes are rarely investigated

USGS Drinking-Water Quality Science … DW Resource Treated DW DW Exposure? Drinking Water concerns: • Increased water-reuse (intentional and de facto)

De facto water reuse and other demographic, infrastructure, and related changes will continue to create new potential sources of water contaminants 7 Rice, Westerhoff et al., JAWWA, 2015 …

USGS Drinking-Water Quality Science … DW Resource Treated DW DW Exposure? Drinking Water concerns: • Increased water-reuse (intentional and de facto) • Contaminant mixtures in SW/GW sources & finished DW

USGS Drinking-Water Quality Science … DW Resource? Hite Cr. KY Santa Anna R. CA S. Platte R. CO Chicago S&S Canal IL Fourmile Cr. IA Swiftcurrent Cr. MT (Ref) N. Sylamore Cr. AR (Ref) N.F. Zumbro Cr. MN Drainage Area (mi 2 ) Urban Land Use 30 10 EHMA Infrastructure: 25 8 20 6 SW Exposure & Effects Pilot 15 4 10 2 5 Number of Sites 0 0 Targeted Chemicals 0-25 25-50 50-100 100-1000 >1000 0-20% 20-40% 40-60% 60-80% 80-100% Agricultural Land Use Population Density (per mi 2 ) 14 12 Unique Organics: 719 12 10 10 8 Designed-bioactive: 55% 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 0 0 0-20% 20-40% 40-60% 60-80% 80-100% 0-100 100-500 500-2500 >6000

EHMA Infrastructure SW E&E Pilot Detected Chemicals Unique Organics: 406 Designed-bioactive: 57% Top10: 100% bioactive Top30: 70 % bioactive

USGS Drinking-Water Quality Science … DW Resource Treated DW? Furlong, Glassmeyer, Kolpin, Mills, … STOTEN 2016-2018 FC S D F Phase II 25 DWTP Raw/finished (time adjusted) 247 Compounds & Elements: • Intake: 148 at least once • Treated: 121 at least once 1,000 1,000 Intake Treated Concentration, In nanograms per liter Concentration, In nanograms per liter 100 100 10 10 1 1 0.1 0.1 (14) (3) (3) (2) (2) (2) (2) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) ( (14) (10) (8) (7) (6) (5) (5) (5) (4) (4) (4) (3) (3) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) ( e l Meprobamate e Bupropion Metoprolol Carbamazepine Cotinine Propanolol Pseudoephederine Clofibric Acid Lamivudine Verapamil Norverapamil Sulfamethoxazole Diazepam Progesterone ) Metoprolol Estrone e e n e e l Caffeine m Valsartan e e o l l e n e m Fluconazole y l Atenolol e Diphenhydramine e e e e Testosterone l Progesterone d Lithium L l n d o n n o n m i n h m i n d n n n n o e / o d i n m e n e d g z p i z i i r i x i r i i a i f i t a h i i i i o x i t p e a p d a a x o n z e m d y l d o a u a e a o a m o a c p a i a m p n t i o r m ( x z i d f b a p r t e t p t o h p o h r e a h n o r a f o i a a n i i m a t p a t e d a r u C l t s r s r i c e t o x h m r u h n l r e e n l i e e x o a t o s O u o p T o f L i c v b D V l r R i r m e t B e m o e I D y u m d r i h i a h l e v x r V h i a t m b o r i e h o m - t F A y d h t c s T t N e H a C L i a r o d e F e D a M e m f l f C r u D z u l u d e i y a D S S H s i P t - i l 7 D , 1

USGS Drinking-Water Quality Science … DW Resource Treated DW DW Exposure? Drinking Water concerns: • Increased water-reuse (intentional and de facto) • Contaminant mixtures in SW/GW sources & finished DW • Disconnect between regulation/treatment & environmental-contaminant complexity

Currently over 143 million different organic and inorganic substances in CAS registry; 15,000 new substances daily; https://www.prnewswire.com: accessed 10/13/2018

Chemical-by-chemical management • TSCA inventory: • 1980: ~62,000 chemicals • 2018: ~85,000 chemicals • Regulated/Assessed chemicals: • Priority Pollutant List: • 1980: 129 • 2015: 126 • SDWA NPDWR: ~90 • Voluntary HPV assessment: ~300

USGS Drinking-Water Quality Science … DW Resource Treated DW DW Exposure? Drinking Water concerns: • Increased water-reuse (intentional and de facto) • Contaminant mixtures in SW/GW sources & finished DW • Disconnect between regulation/treatment & environmental-contaminant complexity • Water treatment public-health tradeoffs (e.g., disinfection vs DBP)

Is Is tap ap water er safe? e?

USGS Drinking-Water Quality Science … DW Resource Treated DW DW Exposure? Drinking Water concerns: • Increased water-reuse (intentional and de facto) • Contaminant mixtures in SW/GW sources & finished DW • Disconnect between regulation/treatment & environmental-contaminant complexity • Water treatment public-health tradeoffs (e.g., disinfection vs DBP) • Aging drinking-water infrastructure and legacy plumbing materials • High-visibility water-quality failures

CDC Confirms Lead Levels Shot Up in Flint Kids After Water Switch - NBC News flintwaterstudy.org Mayor says water crisis is similar to 9/11 - The Toledo Blade https://www.toledoblade.com/watercrisis WV water crisis settlements provide community up to $151M - The Charleston Gazette-Mail Is Is tap ap water er safe? e? http://www.wvpublic.org/term/elk-river-chemical-spill#stream/0

USGS Drinking-Water Quality Science … DW Resource Treated DW DW Exposure? Drinking Water concerns: • Increased water-reuse (intentional and de facto) • Contaminant mixtures in SW/GW sources & finished DW • Disconnect between regulation/treatment & environmental-contaminant complexity • Water treatment public-health tradeoffs (e.g., disinfection vs DBP) • Aging drinking-water infrastructure and legacy plumbing materials • High-visibility water-quality failures • New research linking public health outcomes to low-level contaminant exposures

USGS Drinking-Water Quality Science … DW Resource Treated DW DW Exposure? 2016 Reconnaissance of Chemical & Biological Contaminant Exposures from Residential and Workplace Tapwaters at Selected Sites in the US

2016 National Tapwater Exposure Pilot TW Reconnaissance Priorities • Expanded Analytical Space

2016 National Tapwater Exposure Pilot TW Reconnaissance Priorities • Expanded Analytical Space • Public-Supply/Self-Supply

2016 National Tapwater Exposure Pilot: DW Information Imbalance DW Reservoir DWP Treated Tap Out Drinking Water Plant DWP Tap Raw No POU Filter In Water Main (Utility) POU Filter Tap Well to Tap Curb to Tap Main to Curb (Owner) (Owner) (Utility) Public-supply (EPA): • Routine compliance monitoring: • Regulated contaminants • Primarily pre-distribution • Limited POU monitoring