ARPA-E: Launching Energy Innovation in the 21 st Century Eric Toone, Deputy Director for Technology August 17, 2011 http://arpa-e.energy.gov/
Energy Innovation is at the core of our national security, economic security and environmental security Roughly ½ the oil consumed in the U.S. is imported • The annual cost of imported oil is >$300 billion in current dollars • Importing oil accounts for a third of the Nation’s trade deficit • The true cost should also include the Federal spending devoted to ensuring a stable supply of imported oil 2009 John Goodenough, U. Texas at Austin Advanced Research Projects Agency • Energy 2
The Creation of ARPA-E Innovation based on science and engineering 2012 will be primary driver of FY2012 Budget our future prosperity & ($180M House Bill) security 2011 FY2011 Budget ($180M appropriated) 2009 American Recovery President Obama launches and Reinvestment Act ARPA-E at National Academies ($400M appropriated) on April 27, 2009 2007 America COMPETES Act 2006 Rising Above the Gathering Storm (National Academies) Advanced Research Projects Agency • Energy 3
ARPA-E’s Mission and Means To overcome the long-term and high-risk technological barriers in the development of energy technologies. Reduce Energy Imports (A)identifying and promoting revolutionary advances in fundamental sciences; AND (B)translating scientific discoveries and cutting-edge inventions into technological innovations; AND (C)accelerating transformational technological advances in areas that industry by itself is not likely to Reduce Energy- Improve Energy undertake because of technical Related Emissions Efficiency and financial uncertainty. Advanced Research Projects Agency • Energy 4
ARPA-E seeks to identify and support technologies that will be both transformational and disruptive New energy technologies matter only to the extent that they are: – Both transformational and disruptive – Adopted and deployed by private industry – Meaningful way to consumers – Able to hit a key price tipping point Steam-powered Cugnot (1769) Transformational 8 New learning curve 6 Price 4 Benz Motorwagen (1885) Existing Tipping learning Transformational and Disruptive Point curve 2 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 Maturity Ford Model T (1914) Advanced Research Projects Agency • Energy 5
An ARPA-E Project has four main attributes IMPACT BREAKTHROUGH TECHNOLOGY If successful, project could have: Technologies that: • High impact on ARPA-E • Do not exist in today’s energy mission areas market • Large commercial application • Are not just incremental improvements; could make today’s technologies obsolete ADDITIONALITY PEOPLE • Difficult to move forward • Best-in-class people without ARPA-E funding • Teams with both scientists and • But able to attract cost share engineers and follow-on funding • Brings new people, talent and skill • Not already being researched sets to energy R&D or funded by others Advanced Research Projects Agency • Energy 6
ARPA-E’s program development process is extremely fast Program Development Cycle ��������������������� ���������� ������� ������ ������������� �*������� ���(���� ��������� From Program From Program )�������� ������������������ Conception to Conception to ��������������� Execution in 6-8 Execution in 6-8 �������� Months Months '�������� &����&��� �������� ��������� "��������)���� ������ ��� ���� !������������� ���������&����� ������"����� !�������"�#������� �������������� $�!%��&���������� "����� !%����������� Advanced Research Projects Agency • Energy 7
To date ARPA-E has made 121 awards from the first seven FOAs to a wide variety of organizations Project Breakdown by Lead Organization Type (% based on award value)* 2% 5% University Small Business 33% 20% Large Business National Lab 37% Non-profit *Total Value of Awards = $366 million *Total Value of Awards = $357 million Advanced Research Projects Agency • Energy 8
Projects from ARPA-E’s first broad solicitation fall into ten energy technology areas: Water 1 project Waste Heat 1 project Capture Energy Conventional 6 projects Energy Storage 2 projects VBR Power Systems 5 projects Building Efficiency Biomass 3 projects Energy FOA 1 Carbon Capture 5 projects 4 projects Renewable Power 5 projects 5 projects Vehicle Technologies Solar Fuels Advanced Research Projects Agency • Energy 9
FOA1 Low-contact drilling technology to enable Water 1 project Waste Heat 1 project economical geothermal wells Capture Conventional Energy 6 projects Energy Storage 2 projects VBR Power Systems 5 projects Building Efficiency Biomass 3 projects Energy FOA 1 Carbon 5 projects Capture 4 projects Renewable 5 projects 5 projects Power Vehicle Technologies 10 Solar Fuels Dr. Dave Danielson Advanced Research Projects Agency • Energy 10
FOA1 Scalable production of macroalgae as a Water feedstock for biobutanol 1 project Waste Heat 1 project Capture Conventional Energy 6 projects Energy Storage 2 projects VBR Power Systems 5 projects Building Efficiency Biomass 3 projects Energy FOA 1 Carbon 5 projects Capture 4 projects Renewable 5 projects 5 projects Power Vehicle Technologies 10 Solar Fuels Advanced Research Projects Agency • Energy 11
ARPA-E currently has 11 focused programs plus a broad portfolio of projects from its first solicitation Transportation End-Use Efficiency Electrofuels BEEST PETRO BEETIT HEATS • Abs than pigm iden prod • Optim biofu gene acce produ Stationary Power IMPACCT ADEPT GRIDS Solar ADEPT GENI REACT Advanced Research Projects Agency • Energy 12
Strong motivation exists for reducing CO 2 emissions from coal ~50% of US electricity comes from coal ~80% of CO 2 emissions attributed to coal Y2009; in Quads; source: LLNL Source: EIA, NETL Coal is abundant in the US. While NGCC is cheaper, cleaner, and more efficient; the variable cost of NG, and long lifetime of coal plants suggest that large-scale retirement of coal use is unlikely . Advanced Research Projects Agency • Energy
IMPACCT Summary 20000 • ARPA-E is funding a variety 18000 Ideal High Reaction Rate of R&D projects with the 16000 Material Rate Constant (M -1 s -1 ) intent of drastically reducing 14000 12000 the cost of CCS OH- 10000 Moderate MEA Binding Energy 8000 • Areas targeted for DEA Piperazine 6000 improvement water 4000 – Parasitic energy 2000 requirements 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 – Capital costs Heat of Reaction (kJ/mol) MEA = monoethanolamine, DEA = diethanolamine – Integration challenges at existing plants • Preliminary projections of Dr. Mark Hartney energy savings show a potential to reduce capture costs to the range of $20 to $50/ ton of CO 2 captured* * More detailed modeling and successful R&D performance are still required for validation Advanced Research Projects Agency • Energy 14
IMPACCT’s objective is to expand the early-stage pipeline of new carbon capture ideas Advanced Research Projects Agency • Energy 15
Identifying new materials and processes to reduce the cost of CCS retrofits Advanced materials New capture processes Solid CO 2 collection LBNL ATK • Focus on most-expensive part of CCS: capturing CO 2 • High risk, high reward projects Advanced Research Projects Agency • Energy 16
Example – Codexis’ Directed Evolution technology creates robust enzymes to accelerate CO 2 reactions • Screening identifies new enzymes with beneficial mutations and without detrimental ones • Validated by success in pharma and biofuels Advanced Research Projects Agency • Energy 17
A biocatalyst for 50% MDEA has already had 10 5 increase in thermostability Operating temperature over successive evolution rounds 75° C (24h), 15X 65° C, 10X 53° C, 40X 50° C, 70X • 4 Rounds of evolution on thousands of variants • The half-life (24h) has increased by ~ 45° C Advanced Research Projects Agency • Energy 18
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