Application areas of Application areas of Scalable Adaptive Multicast Scalable Adaptive Multicast Nobuo Kawaguchi Nobuo Kawaguchi Nagoya University / WIDE Project Nagoya University / WIDE Project
What is SAM? What is SAM? � Issues Issues � • Large Large Number Number of Groups of Groups • • Group Group Membership Management Membership Management • � member = 3 ~ Huge member = 3 ~ Huge � • Network Network Topology Topology • � Mesh Mesh / Tree / DHT / Tree / DHT � • Network Resource Network Resource Constraints Constraints • � Bandwidth, Latency, Error rate Bandwidth, Latency, Error rate � • Higher Level Higher Level Requirements Requirements • � Congestion Control, Reliability, Security Congestion Control, Reliability, Security �
Applications Areas Applications Areas Applicat ion is KEY f or deployment � Kind of Networks Kind of Networks � • Adhoc Networks Adhoc Networks • • Sensor Networks Sensor Networks • • Home Networks Home Networks • • Office/ Building Networks Office/ Building Networks • � Kind of Content Kind of Content � • Video / Audio Video / Audio • • Information Sharing ( Whiteboard / Display ) Information Sharing ( Whiteboard / Display ) • • Sensing data Sensing data •
Who will be communicating? Who will be communicating? Communication based grouping of Application Areas Source Human Machine Destination Voice/ Video Conferencing, Home Networks Streaming Human Skype, Kontiki, Sharecast … Sensor Systems Context Aware Systems Machine ? Building Systems
Current Applications Current Applications � Skype Skype � • P2P Audio/ Video Conferencing P2P Audio/ Video Conferencing • • SkypeCast SkypeCast • � Audio Conferencing for 100 people Audio Conferencing for 100 people � � p2pradio p2pradio � • P2P radio streaming P2P radio streaming • • http: / / www.streamerp2p.com/ http: / / www.streamerp2p.com/ •
Video Streaming Systems Video Streaming Systems � Kontiki Kontiki ( ( http: / / www.kontiki.com http: / / www.kontiki.com ) ) �
ShareCast ShareCast � P2P Video Streaming Service P2P Video Streaming Service � • http: / / www.scast.tv http: / / www.scast.tv (Japanese) (Japanese) •
XCAST XCAST � eXplicit eXplicit multi multi- - Unicast Unicast � � VIC and RAT is currently used. VIC and RAT is currently used. � � Video: Video: http: / / www.cogma.org/ press/ video/ xcast_e_1000k.wmv � http: / / www.cogma.org/ press/ video/ xcast_e_1000k.wmv In reality more than 30peoples can join the same group
Tour de France E- - bicycle bicycle Tour de France E Demonstration Demonstration � Tour de France: Tour de France: � st ,Strasbourg ~ July 23 rd ,Paris July 1 st ,Strasbourg ~ July 23 rd • July 1 ,Paris • http: / / demo.nautilus6.org/ demos/ 200607- http: / / demo.nautilus6.org/ demos/ 200607 - tourdefrance.php tourdefrance.php � � � Communication between Communication between � ⇔ Crew ⇔ Supporter Bicycles ⇔ Crew ⇔ Supporter Bicycles � XCAST6 is used for audio/ v XCAST6 is used for audio/ video ideo communication communication � among the rider/ crews. among the rider/ crews. � XCAST6 is working with NEMO XCAST6 is working with NEMO � (Network Mobility) (Network Mobility)
- Bicycle with NEMO Bicycle with NEMO E- E
Future Application Future Application Areas Areas
Adhoc Networks Adhoc Networks � Multicast in the Ad Multicast in the Ad- - hoc Environment hoc Environment � • Several researches Several researches… … • • Apparently SAM is required in Adhoc but Apparently SAM is required in Adhoc but • not yet solved. not yet solved. � Multi Multi- - layerd layerd multicast multicast � • Multicast over AODV (MAODV) Multicast over AODV (MAODV) •
Adhoc Emergency Networks Adhoc Emergency Networks � In the disaster In the disaster situation(Earthquake situation(Earthquake) ) � there is no Infrastructure. there is no Infrastructure. � Adhoc network can be a solution for Adhoc network can be a solution for � this. this. � People want to People want to � communicate communicate for Information for Information sharing.. sharing..
Military Adhoc Networks Military Adhoc Networks � Several tanks/ troops moves together. Several tanks/ troops moves together. � � Muliti Muliti- - hop communication is required hop communication is required � for low- - power RF communication. power RF communication. for low
Sensor Networks Sensor Networks � Distributed sensors with Distributed sensors with � wired/ wireless networks. wired/ wireless networks. � Currently usual Currently usual adhoc adhoc- - routing is routing is � applied to sensor networks. applied to sensor networks. � Several sensors should communicate Several sensors should communicate � each other. each other. � SAM can be used in this area. SAM can be used in this area. �
Ubiquitous Computing Ubiquitous Computing � MIT MIT House_n House_n project project � • http: / / http: / / architecture.mit.edu/ house_n architecture.mit.edu/ house_n/ / • • Sensor networks for Home environment Sensor networks for Home environment •
How about current Research? How about current Research? � A lot of studies / proposals have A lot of studies / proposals have � been done. But not yet stabilized. been done. But not yet stabilized. � How can we How can we “ “Research and Develop Research and Develop” ” � and finally “ “Deploy Deploy” ” the fruit of the fruit of and finally Scalable Adaptive Multicast Systems? Scalable Adaptive Multicast Systems?
Taxonomy of SAM related studies Taxonomy of SAM related studies Under Construction…. Number of Number of C C e e n n t t r r a a l l S S e e r r v v e e r r Type of Network Type of Network … … Members Members ALMI Mesh Yes Small ALMI Mesh Yes Small XCAST XCAST Tree Tree No No Small Small Narada Mesh No Small Narada Mesh No Small RelayCast RelayCast Tree Tree No No Middle Middle Peercast Peercast Tree Tree No No Middle Middle D H T ( P a s t r y ) D H T ( P a s t r y ) Scribe No Large Scribe No Large D H T ( T a p e s t r y ) D H T ( T a p e s t r y ) Bayeux No Large Bayeux No Large D H T ( C A N ) D H T ( C A N ) CAN- CAN -mcast mcast No No Large Large Overcast Overcast Mesh Mesh No No Large Large Scattercast Mesh No Large Scattercast Mesh No Large T T r r e e e e OMNI OMNI No No Large Large … …
Proposal: Standardization of Proposal: Standardization of Application Program I nterf ace Application Program I nterf ace f or SAM f or SAM � Too many algorithm/ protocols for Too many algorithm/ protocols for � creating standard. creating standard. � For the real world deployment, For the real world deployment, � rich, and high- - quality application is quality application is rich, and high truly required. truly required. � But it should not depend on the But it should not depend on the � specific protocol. specific protocol. Define the API for SAM applications
Example Levels of API Example Levels of API � Routing Level Routing Level � • Scribe (Pastry based P2P Scribe (Pastry based P2P mcast mcast ) ) • � create(credentials create(credentials, , groupId groupId) ) � � join(credentials join(credentials, , groupId groupId, , messageHandler messageHandler) ) � � leave(credentials leave(credentials, , groupId groupId) ) � � multicast(credentials multicast(credentials, , groupId groupId, message) , message) � � Application Level Application Level � • RalayCast RalayCast • � Using Proxy based API (Using kind of port forwarding) Using Proxy based API (Using kind of port forwarding) � � Not requiring changes for Applications Not requiring changes for Applications �
Several Studies f or Several Studies f or API and Middleware f or SAM API and Middleware f or SAM Dabek, F., Zhao, B., Druschel, P., Kubiatowicz, J. and � Stoica, I.: Towards a Common API for Structured Peer-to- Peer Overlays, Proc. IPTPS’03 (2003). Y. Nakamura, H. Yamaguchi, A. Hiromori Hiromori, K. Yasumoto, T. , K. Yasumoto, T. Y. Nakamura, H. Yamaguchi, A. � � Higashino and K. Taniguchi, "On Designing End- - user user Higashino and K. Taniguchi, "On Designing End Multicast for Multiple Video Sources," ICME2003. Multicast for Multiple Video Sources," ICME2003. N. Mimura, K. Nakauchi, H. Morikawa, and T. Aoyama: � "Functional Unit Oriented Middleware for Application-Level Multicast Services,“ IEICE Transactions on Communications, IEICE/ IEEE Joint Special Section on Autonomous Decentralized Systems, vol. E88-B, no. 12, pp. 4442-4450, December 2005.
Recommend
More recommend
