APEX Task III Practical Engineering Issues Associated with the Design of a Liquid Wall Status of Configuration Studies for CLiFF / Flibe System in ARIES - RS P. Fogarty, B. Nelson APEX Meeting, May 8-12, 2000 Fusion Energy Division O R N L AK IDGE ATIONAL ABORATORY
Presentation Outline • Goals and Requirements • Overall Configuration • Components and Systems - Fast Flow - Blankets and piping - Divertor, Penetrations, and Pumping - Assembly and maintenance • Issues and Summary Fusion Energy Division O R N L AK IDGE ATIONAL ABORATORY
”Bag” blanket w ith a thin liquid first w all addresses most issues First Wall • Thin layer of fast moving Flibe (~ 2 cm thick at 10 m/s) • Temperature ~ 465 C to minimize vapor pressure Blanket • Thick zone of slower moving Flibe • Flibe contained in flexible “bags” woven from SiC fibers • Bags are filled from the bottom • Any hot liquid bag leaks are cooled by FW fast flow • Bags expand to close sector to sector gaps • No halo currents into structure, minimal load asymmetry • Extra 10 cm zone of Be near front of bag improves breeding • Passive stabilizers may be woven into bag around Be zone Fusion Energy Division O R N L AK IDGE ATIONAL ABORATORY
Reasons for developing a damage resistant blanket & first w all Goals for first wall and blanket design include: • High power density • High temperature - good power conversion efficiency • High availability - Tolerant of some failures - Long life - Quick repair times, …etc • Low activation Conventional designs using solid walls do not presently meet all goals • Power density may be too low or • Walls are too thin or • Refractory materials are not low activation Fusion Energy Division O R N L AK IDGE ATIONAL ABORATORY
CLiFF “Bag” Concept / Configuration PF Coils TF Coils Fast Flow Vacuum Vessel Cassette Inboard Bag Outboard Bag Solenoid Shield Module Divertor Fast Flow Liquid Fusion Energy Division Vacuum Pumping / Drain O R N L AK IDGE ATIONAL ABORATORY
General Design Requirements Function Requirement Value/Goal 7 MW/m 2 avg * Neutron Wall Load Power 10 MW/m 2 peak * Extraction 2 MW/m 2 * Surface Heat Flux Tritium Breeding Self Sufficient TBR > 1 9 Rad < 1x10 Coils radiation exposure (insulation) Shielding 3 < 1kW/m Nuclear heating of coils (sc cable) < 1 appm He Re-weldable confinement boundary Compatible with plasma < 1x10 -9 Torr Vacuum - Base partial pressure, non-fuel < 1x10 -7 Torr - Base pressure, fuel (H,D,T) Divertor required To remove helium Plasma Exhaust * Values are minimum goals for steady state operation Fusion Energy Division O R N L AK IDGE ATIONAL ABORATORY
Design Requirements (cont’d) 2 ~ 6 MW / m Plasma Heating Power Density Penetrations Viewing through Diagnostics labyrinth / mirrors Pulse Length Steady State Operating Number of pulses < 3,000 Parameters Disruptions TBD A > .75 Maximize total availability plant Availability A > .98 blanket / FW Safety Confinement Boundaries At least 2 Fusion Energy Division O R N L AK IDGE ATIONAL ABORATORY
Side Elevation View 13000 9100 5598 25 4718 2886 3342 3994 3170 4141 25 6799 6932 9270 7987 0 4327 2614 2 2 5 0 4065 1614 1414 1064 10 A 1913 165 A 1113 Fusion Energy Division 1693 A - A 415 O R N L AK IDGE ATIONAL ABORATORY
Flow / Temperature Diagram 534 600 500 534 P 600 534 600 600 FF Cassette 534 500 0 0 5 500 600 Outboard Inboard 550 Max Bag Surface Bag Temp 534 534 Divertor 534 534 534 534 P 5 534 3 534 534 4 P 534 P 534 P P 534 Fusion Energy Division O R N L AK IDGE ATIONAL ABORATORY
Coolant Circuits TF Coil Vacuum Vessel Shield Zone 2 Bags Zone 1 Bags Fast Flow First Wall Antenna Divertor Fusion Energy Division O R N L AK IDGE ATIONAL ABORATORY
Pumping Summary - Cliff/Flibe Case Circuit type Power to circuits Tinlet Toutlet Flow rate # of circuits Pipe size velocity in one sector per sector per sector (I.D.) (MW) (C) (C) (l/s) (inches) (m/s) First Wall Fast Flow IB (inboard) 26.9 500 526 251 10 6.0 1.4 OB (outboard) main flow 33.3 500 520 408 10 6.0 2.2 OB (outboard) auxiliary flow 25.0 500 524 255 10 5.5 1.7 Flow under OB penetration 3.0 500 514 52 21 1.4 2.6 "Bag" Blankets IB, plasma side 13.6 530 585 51 10 2.3 1.9 IB, coil side 20.1 530 604 56 10 2.3 2.1 OB, plasma side 26.9 530 584 102 15 2.3 2.5 OB, coil side 45.4 530 603 127 15 2.3 3.2 IB, divertor, plasma side 3.4 530 584 13 2 2.0 3.2 IB divertor, coil side 1.8 530 585 7 2 1.5 3.0 OB divertor, plasma side 9.7 530 585 37 2 3.5 3.0 OB divertor, coil side 15.3 530 605 42 2 4.0 2.6 Divertor Sled IB structure 2.8 530 550 29 1 6.0 1.6 OB structure 0.1 530 550 1 1 2.0 0.4 Film Former Cassette Body 10.2 530 550 105 1 8.0 3.2 Penetration 16.3 530 600 48 1 8.0 1.5 Main Shield IB shield 0.3 530 540 7 1 3.0 1.4 OB shield 0.1 530 540 2 1 2.0 1.0 Vacuum Vessel IB Vessel 0.1 530 535 4 1 3.0 0.8 OB Vessel 0.0 530 535 1 1 2.0 0.3 TOTAL ALL SECTORS 4069 25572 Fusion Energy Division O R N L AK IDGE ATIONAL ABORATORY
Sector Installation / Maintenance Sector Module is shown withdrawn from its vacuum vessel port location Except for removable divertor & film former cassettes, all other components are an integral part of the Shield Assembly Fusion Energy Division O R N L AK IDGE ATIONAL ABORATORY
Modular Components Fast Flow Cassette Vacuum Vessel Shield Module O.B. Bags I.B. Bags Fast Flow Drain / Vacuum Pumping Duct Shield Sleeve Divertor Cassette Fusion Energy Division O R N L AK IDGE ATIONAL ABORATORY
Vacuum Vessel Removable support track for Divertor Cassette maintenance Structural rib with mounting holes that attach the Shield Modules together on the outboard side Drain / Pump Duct Shield Sleeve Fusion Energy Division O R N L AK IDGE ATIONAL ABORATORY
Shield Module Structural flange for attaching the Shield Modules together on the outboard side Fusion Energy Division O R N L AK IDGE ATIONAL ABORATORY
Inboard / Outboard Bag Assemblies Outlet Pipes, 2 circuits per bag C o o l a n t F l o w s Flexible Blanket Bags C o o l a n t F l o w s Fusion Energy Division Inlet Pipes, 2 circuits per bag O R N L AK IDGE ATIONAL ABORATORY
Bag Piping Configurations Inboard Outboard Upper Piping Upper Piping Arrangement Lower Piping Arrangement Lower Piping Fusion Energy Division O R N L AK IDGE ATIONAL ABORATORY Flat to Round Transition
SiC “bag” is damage resistant and it has low activation • Bag is woven from Sic fibers - Structure remains flexible, even though material is very brittle - No, or very minimal thermal stress - SiC fabric is commercially available • Small leaks from bag should not be a fatal problem, since vapor pressure is suppressed by cooler flow over surface Fusion Energy Division O R N L AK IDGE ATIONAL ABORATORY
“Bag” Cross Section Inboard Outboard 1055 652 Bag Bag First Be Conducting Flow Bulk Attachment Zone Zone Mesh Divider Flow Block Zone Dimensions Zone Dimensions TBD TBD Outboard Bag Typical Cross Section Fusion Energy Division O R N L AK IDGE ATIONAL ABORATORY
Fast Flow Cassette Outboard Auxiliary Inboard Supply Supply Inboard Nozzle Outboard Outboard Stream Auxiliary Nozzle Outboard Supply Outboard Outboard Auxiliary Auxiliary Inboard Outboard Stream Stream Stream Stream Inboard Inboard Stream Stream Front View of Nozzles Cutaway Section View Looking Fusion Energy Division Upward O R N L AK IDGE ATIONAL ABORATORY
Fast Flow Configuration Top View Assembly Fast Flow Cassette Inboard Outboard Fast Fast Flow Flow Divertor Cassette Bottom of Fast Flow Inboard Inboard Outboard Outboard Cassette Flow Flow Flow Flow Adjustable Nozzle Tips Flow Mid Plane Cut Disruption Looking Upward Bottom Fusion Energy Division Region Drain Flow O R N L AK IDGE ATIONAL ABORATORY
Divertor Cassette Close-up of flow disruption baffles Underneath view showing fast flow drain passages Diagnostics / Heating Cassette Vacuum Pumping Duct Fusion Energy Division Divertor Bags O R N L AK IDGE ATIONAL ABORATORY
Divertor Cassette Cross Section Outboard Fast Flow Inboard Fast Flow Flow Disruption Diagnostics Region / Heating Insert Bag Additional Vacuum Pumping Vacuum Pumping Fast Flow Drain Fusion Energy Division O R N L AK IDGE ATIONAL ABORATORY
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