MPIfR APEX Instrumentation MPIfR APEX Instrumentation Bernd Klein Bernd Klein bklein@mpifr.de bklein@mpifr.de Bernd Klein, Ringberg 2018
MPIfR APEX instrumentation MPIfR APEX instrumentation Overview of my talk: (PI 230) FLASH 230 LAsMA FLASH 460 A-MKID LFA CHAMP + LFA CHAMP + HFA FLASH PI 850 LAsMA THz channel A-MKID HFA Bernd Klein, Ringberg 2018
PI 230 Receiver (mm-VLBI) PI 230 Receiver (mm-VLBI) PI 230 – a state-of-the-art receiver for mm-VLBI and spectroscopy Technical specifications: 2SB SIS mixer from IRAM (NOEMA spin-off) ➔ dual polarization operation ➔ RF range: 195 – 270 GHz ➔ Receiver noise temperature: 50 – 60 K (SSB) ➔ VDI solid-state LO source ➔ total IF bandwidth: 2x 2x 8 GHz = 32 GHz ➔ PI FFTS4G spectrometer, 512k spectral channels ➔ Fully remote controlled (frequency change within seconds) ➔ Pathfinder for new mm-VLBI observing technologies ➔ in operation since 12 / 2015 ➔ 3D model and photo of the PI 230 receiver Bernd Klein, Ringberg 2018
The new FLASH receiver The new FLASH receiver FLASH – a First Light APEX Submillimeter Heterodyne instrument A short history: 2005: Workhorse for the APEX commissioning, operating in the 460 and 810 GHz atmospheric windows Spectrometer: 2 x 1 GHz bandwidth (FFTS) 2010: With CAMP + covering the 810 GHz science with 7 pixels, FLASH was downgraded to 345 and 460 GHz Spectrometer: 4 x 1,5 GHz (AFFTS) 2012: Upgraded with state-of-the-art 2SB ALMA mixers for the 345 GHz and 460 GHz bands. Spectrometer: 8 x 2,5 GHz bandwidth (XFFTS) 2018: Upgrade with new IRAM (230 GHz) and ALMA band 8 (460 GHz) 2SB mixers (facility mode). Additional 850 GHz band (PI mode). Spectrometer: 16 x 4 GHz bandwidth (dFFTS4G) FLASH @ APEX, 2005 S. Heyminck, et al., A&A, 454 (2006) Bernd Klein, Ringberg 2018
The new FLASH receiver The new FLASH receiver See Poster by Christopher Heiter ! new FLASH: facility mode new FLASH: PI mode 230 GHz band: 460 GHz band: • VDI LO unit, tuning range: 200 – 270 GHz • VDI LO unit, tuning range: 385 – 510 GHz • dual-polarization setup • dual-polarization setup • IRAM SIS 2SB mixer (PI230), • ALMA band 8 SIS 2SB mixer, IF bandwidth 4 – 12 GHz IF bandwidth 4 – 8 GHz total IF bandwidth: 2x 2x 8 GHz = 32 GHz total IF bandwidth: 2x 2x 4 GHz = 16 GHz • Receiver noise temperature: 50 – 60 K • Receiver noise temperature: 80 – 150 K Bernd Klein, Ringberg 2018
The new FLASH receiver The new FLASH receiver See Poster by Christopher Heiter ! Optics Design PI 850 GHz new FLASH: PI mode filter wheel PI mode expansion 850 GHz band: • broadband VDI hybrid LO unit, tuning range: 780 – 950 GHz 460 GHz • dual-polarization setup • ALMA band 9 mixer baseline: goal: (SRON cooperation) DSB 2SB 230 GHz IF bandwidth 4 – 8 GHz 4 – 12 GHz total IF bandwidth: 8 GHz 32 GHz • Receiver temperature: 200 – 500 K 600 – 1000 K Bernd Klein, Ringberg 2018
Upgrade LAsMA Upgrade LAsMA LAsMA – the Large APEX subMillimeter Array for the 345 GHz atmospheric window ➔ Upgrade work (April 2018): For now: IF bandwidth: 7x 2x 4 GHz = 56 GHz ➔ Upgrade: replacement of the 4 – 8 GHz IF coupler by ➔ new 4 – 12 GHz IF-coupler (> 15 dB) IF bandwidth: 7x 2x 8 GHz = 112 GHz Upgrade: FFTS4G spectrometer to process 112 GHz band- ➔ width with up to 1,8 million spectral channels Technical specifications: 7-pixel single polarization heterodyne array ➔ 7x 345 GHz with state-of-the-art IRAM 2SB mixers RF range: 270 – 370 GHz ➔ Receiver noise temperature (SSB): 80 – 100K ➔ Side-band separation (IF: 4 – 8 GHz): > 15 dB ➔ VDI solid-state LO ➔ K-mirror for image de-rotation ➔ Frontend software for auto-tuning and remote control Top: 7x IRAM 2SB mixers ➔ in operation since 2016 ➔ Left: LAsMA at APEX (2017) Bernd Klein, Ringberg 2018
LAsMA – the new THz channel LAsMA – the new THz channel Technical specifications: Spin-off from our Herschel involvment (HIFI band 5 mixer, DSB) ➔ Co-aligned to the central pixel of LasMA for pointing reference ➔ RF range: 990 – 1050 GHz ➔ Receiver noise temperature (DSB): 400 – 550 K ➔ VDI solid-state LO source ➔ IF bandwidth: 4 – 8 GHz ➔ PI IF processor and FFT spectrometer ➔ Strong operation boundaries: ➔ MPIfR PI 1.05 THz Receiver (2009) - requires best weather conditions (PWV < 0.3 mm) (A-cabin, PI position #2) - pointing requirements are demanding (main beam: 6'' only) - telescope surface must be very good (surface rms < 15 µm) Bernd Klein, Ringberg 2018
CHAMP + (2007 - 2016) CHAMP + (2007 - 2016) CHAMP + – dual color 2 x 7 pixel heterodyne array for the 450 µm and 350 µm atmospheric windows fjrst B-cabin mirror (M2) beam- path mirror M3 LO- elevation unit bearing fmat folding mirror vacuum- Technical specifications (2007 - 2016): vessel Two 7-pixel sub-arrays: ➔ sub-array 620 – 720 GHz and 780 – 950 GHz modules simultaneous observations possible ➔ cooling- fixed tuned DSB SIS-mixers (SRON) ➔ machine main optics cooled to 15K ➔ lifter- quasi-optical LO-injection with ➔ mechanism Martin-Puplett interferometer as Diplexer SSB-filter for both sub-arrays (> 15 dB) ➔ image de-rotator ➔ 2 GHz (2,8 GHz) IF-bandwidth per channel ➔ in operation since 2007 ➔ R. Güsten, et al., SPIE, 7020 (2008) Bernd Klein, Ringberg 2018
Upgrade of CHAMP + Upgrade of CHAMP + CHAMP + – dual color 2 x 7 pixel heterodyne array for the 450 µm and 350 µm atmospheric windows • Upgrade of both arrays with state-of-the-art SRON DSB mixers (2017) • Replacement of the old LO unit by VDI solid-state LO sources, and elimination of the diplexers (2018) ( → more IF bandwidth) • New frontend electronic and software (auto-tuning, remote control) • Connect to LAsMA IF processor and spectrometer LFA: HFA: RF range [GHz] 620 – 710 775 – 855 T Rx SSB [K] 250 – 400 600 – 1000 IF bandwidth [GHz] 7 x 4 GHz 7 x 4 GHz CHAMP + with CHAMP + with new old LO unit (2015) VDI LO unit (2018) Bernd Klein, Ringberg 2018
A-MKID camera A-MKID camera A-MKID – superconducting pair breaking detector Technical specifications: Dual color APEX direct detection camera: ➔ - LFA: 353 GHz ( 34 GHz HP width) - HFA: 865 GHZ (100 GHz HP width) Squared field of view: 15 x 15 arcmin² ➔ Pixel spacing: 1F λ ➔ Hexagonal arrangement ➔ Number of Pixels: ➔ - LFA: 3520 pixel - HFA: 21600 pixel Detectors operating with sensitivities dominated ➔ by the sky background NEFD per pixel (goal): ➔ - LFA: 50 mJy √ s (0.3 – 1.0 mm PWV) - HFA: 1650 mJy √ s (0.3 – 0.5 mm PWV) Present Status: Due to insufficient sensitivities that could not be A-MKID at laboratory tests in Bonn. fixed at APEX, we decide to sent A-MKID back to (08. March 2018) Bonn for further investigations. A-MKID is currently being cooled down. Extensive laboratory tests are planned for the coming weeks. Bernd Klein, Ringberg 2018
MPIfR 8 GHz IF processor MPIfR 8 GHz IF processor The new 8 GHz IF processor modules are designed for the latest version of our wide-band FFT spectrometer Technical specifications: The new IF processor based on a modular approach. ➔ Fully integrated circuit with amplifier, filter, mixer, ➔ programmable attenuators, and total-power detectors. Fully remote controlled by SCPI protocol. ➔ Input frequency: 1 x (4 – 12 GHz) ➔ Output frequency: 2 x (0 – 4 GHz) LO input 12 GHz Inside the 8 GHz IF modules out: 0 – 4 GHz (8 – 12 GHz part) IF input 4 – 12 GHz LO input 8 GHz out: 0 – 4 GHz (4 – 8 GHz part) Bernd Klein, Ringberg 2018
MPIfR dFFTS4G spectrometer MPIfR dFFTS4G spectrometer Technical specifications: dFFTS4G Input bandwidth: 2 x 4 GHz (0 – 4 GHz) ➔ Spectral channels: 2 x 64k ➔ Spectral resolution: 71 kHz (ENBW) ➔ Power consumption: max. 70 W (~9 W / GHz) ➔ Photo of the dFFTS4G spectrometer board Bernd Klein, Ringberg 2018
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