Annotating Sanskrit Texts based on ´ s¯ abdabodha Systems Prof. KV Ramakrishnamacharyulu RSVP Tirupati kvrkus@yahoo.com
• Sanskrit Language has a rich knowledge repository that is of highly scientific value • Thousands of works are now available in e-form • We lack the key to open this box • It is also known that Sanskrit has sound grammar formalism for the analysis most of the languages • Hence we propose a tagging scheme for manual tagging of sanskrit texts based on different grammatical relations
This scheme takes care of • various relations shown by p¯ an .in¯ ıan model that are mainly syntactico-semantic in nature • a series of modifier-modified relations that are available in other ´ s¯ abdabodha systems Scheme – • sentence is the object • ¯ Ak¯ an .ksh¯ a is base for the analysis
Sentence– • v¯ akyam – group of words with one verb – has utthita ¯ ak¯ an .ks .a (natural expectancy) • mah¯ av¯ akyam – group of inter-related sentences, denotes a single meaning – has utth¯ apya ¯ ak¯ an .ks .a (un-natural)
Relations– • inter-sentential – relations denoted by == > non-finite verbs == > link words • intra-sentential – related to the words denoting activity == > k¯ araka == > non-k¯ araka – related to other words The whole idea of proposed tagset is detailed here with examples
Relations denoted by Non-finite verbs • � � � �к������� � (p¯ urvak¯ al¯ ınatvam) Tag:(...) ktva – ktv¯ a ending non-finite verb form – it denotes the activity which preceeds an activity denoted by the main verb. – karta is shared with the main verb a . ( ���� ( � � �� � ����� ) ktva ш��� � ����� ) । r¯ amah . (dugdha ˙ m p¯ ıtv¯ a) ktva ´ s¯ al¯ am . gacchati. a ����к� ��к��� � � � �к�� � 3.4.21, (sam¯ anakartr .kayoh . p¯ urvak¯ ale)
• p����� � (purpose of the main activity) (...) tumun – tumun-ending non-finite verb form which denotes the purpose of the main activity – kart¯ a sharing – karma/samprad¯ ana of the main verb becomes the kart¯ a of the purpose activity. ( a� � p����� � ( ���ш��� � ���� �� ) tumun ��d��� � ������ ) । (aham . pratidinam . (yoga´ s¯ astram . pat .hitu ˙ m) tumun vidy¯ alayam . gacch¯ ami). ( a� � ���� � �� � � � � ( ��k � � � ) tumun a�h���� ) । (aham . bhavantam . mama gr .he (bhoktum) tumun ¯ ahvay¯ ami).
• ��к������� � (Simultaneity) satr/sanac – ´ satr ./´ s¯ anac – activity occuring simultaneously with the main verb – kart¯ a is shared with the main activity ( ���к� ( �� � ���� � ) satr ����� ) । (b¯ alakah . (jalam . piban) satr gacchati). ( ���к� ( ш���� ) sanac ���� ) । (b¯ alakah . (´ say¯ anah .) sanac hasati).
.a saptam¯ • �������p�� (bh¯ avalaks .¯ an i) – a����к���к��� � (Time of the completion of preceeding activity) kta 7 kta - ending in 7 th case (( ��� � �� � �� � ) kta 7 �ш��� �хn� ) । ((r¯ ame vanam . gate) kta 7 da´ sarathah . khinnah .). – ��к������� � (simultaneous events) satr 7 anac - ending in 7 th case ∗ ´ satr . or ´ s¯ (( ��� � �� � ����� ) satr 7 ���� a� � ���� ) । (r¯ ame vana ˙ m gacchati) satr 7 s¯ ıt¯ a anusarati.
• � � � �к������� � (time of the main activity before the starting of subordinate activity) lrt-satr 7 anac ending in 7 th case – lr .t . + ´ satr . or ´ s¯ (( ��� � ��������� � ) lrt-satr 7 ��� ) । ((gos .u dhoks .yam¯ an .¯ asu) lrt-satr 7 gatah .).
Relations denoted by words • ����к������� � (sam¯ anak¯ al¯ ınatvam) – yad¯ a - tad¯ a/yasmin k¯ ale - tasmin k¯ ale yada 1 – yad¯ a/yasmin k¯ ale in the beginning of the subordinate sentence and tad¯ a/tasmin k¯ ale in the beginning of the main ( ��� �� � �� � � ���� ( ��� � ��� �� ��� ) yada 1 । ) (tad¯ a may¯ urah . nr .tyati (yad¯ a meghah . vars .ati) yada 1 ) (( ��� � ��� �� ��� ) yada 1 । ) ��� �� � �� � � ���� ) (tad¯ a may¯ urah . nr .tyati (yad¯ a meghah . vars .ati) yada 1 )
• yad¯ a or yasmin k¯ ale yada 2 Only yad¯ a or yasmin k¯ ale ( �� � �� � � ���� ( ��� � ��� �� ��� ) yada 2 ) । (may¯ urah . nr .tyati (yad¯ a meghah . vars .ati) yada 2 ) • tad¯ a or tasmin k¯ ale tada Only tad¯ a or tasmin k¯ ale ( � ��� �� ��� ( ��� �� � �� � � ���� ) tada) । (meghah . vars .ati (tad¯ a may¯ urah . nr .tyati) tad¯ a)
• p������ (conditional relation) – yadi - tarhi yadi 1 ‘yadi’ in the beginning of a subordinate sentence and ‘tarhi’ in the main sentence; (( ��� ��� � i���� ) yadi 1 ��� � a� � ���� � � �� � a������� ) । ((yadi tvam icchasi) yadi 1 tarhi aha ˙ m bhavatah . gr .ham ¯ agacch¯ ami). – yadi yadi 2 ( a�� � a��������� ( ��� ���� � a� ���� � ����� � �������� ) yadi 1 ) । (aham ¯ agamis .y¯ ami (yadi bhav¯ an apeks .ita ˙ m saulabhya ˙ m vidh¯ asyati) yadi 1 ).
� – tarhi tarhi ( ��� � i���� ( ��� � a� � ���� � � �� � a������� ) tarhi) । (tvam icchasi (tarhi aha ˙ m bhavatah . gr .ham ¯ agacch¯ ami) tarhi). – cet cet (( ��� � i���� � �� � ) cet a� � ���� � � �� � a������� ) । ((tvam icchasi cet) cet aha ˙ m bhavatah . gr .ham ¯ agacch¯ ami). – tarhi eva tarhi-eva the words up to tarhi eva are grouped as one unit. (( ��� � i���� ��� � e� ) tarhi-eva a� � ���� � � �� a������� ) । ((tvam icchasi tarhi eva) tarhi-eva aha ˙ m bhavatah . gr .ham ¯ agacch¯ ami)).
� � � • к������ ���� к��� ����� , к������� ���� к�������t� (Non productive effort (or) product without cause) – yadyapi – tath¯ api yadyapi 1 (( �d�� a� � �� p��� � к � ���� � ) yadyapi 1 ����� ����� � a� � t��� � ) ((yadyapi aya ˙ m bahu pray¯ asa ˙ m kr .tav¯ an) yadyapi 1 tath¯ api par¯ ıks .¯ a tu anutt¯ ırn .¯ a) – yadyapi yadyapi 2 (( �d�� a� �� �� p���� к � �� ) yadyapi 2 ����� � � a� � t��� � ) .) yadyapi 2 par¯ ((yadyapi anena bahu pray¯ asah . kr .tah iks .¯ a tu anutti .rn .¯ a).
– tath¯ api tathapi – ( a� � ��� � к � ш�� ( ����� p��� � ��к�� � ������ � ) tathapi (aya ˙ m tath¯ a na ku´ salah . (tath¯ api prathamapurask¯ ara ˙ m labdhav¯ an) tathapi) – ath¯ api or evamapi athapi ( �������� � a�� � a� � t�� �� ( a���� ud�� � ������ � ) athapi) par¯ ıks .¯ ay¯ am aham anutt¯ ırn .ah . (ath¯ api udyogam labdhav¯ an) athapi) ( �������� � a�� � a� � t�� �� ( e���� ud�� � ������ � ) athapi) par¯ ıks .¯ ay¯ am aham anutt¯ ırn .ah . (evamapi udyogam labdhav¯ an) athapi
• � �� � � �� � �d��� (cause and effect) – yatah .-tatah . or yasm¯ at-tasm¯ at yatah 1 (( ��� a� � ��� � ����� ) yatah 1 ��� p� �ш������� � ��� � ��� ) ((yatah . aya ˙ m samaye n¯ agatah .) yatah 1 tata. .h sapar¯ prave´ iks .¯ ay¯ a. .m n¯ anumatah .) – yatah . or yasm¯ at yatah 2 ( p� �ш������� � ��� � ��� a� � ( ��� ��� � ����� ) yatah 2 ) । (praves .apar¯ ıks .¯ ay¯ a ˙ m n¯ anumatah . ayam . (yatah . samaye n¯ agatah .) yatah 2 ) – tatah . or tasm¯ at or atah . tatah (( a� � ��� � ����� ( ��� a� � ������� � ��� � ��� ) tatah) (ayam . samaye n¯ agatah . (tatah . ayam . par¯ ıks .¯ ay¯ am . n¯ anumatah .) tatah)
• a����к������� � (following action) – tatah . or tatastatah . or anantaram or atha atha ( p��� � a� � ш � ���� ( a� ��х��� ) atha) । (prathamam aha ˙ m ´ sr .n .omi (atha likh¯ ami) atha) • �� � c�� (conjunction) apica – api ca or kim . ca ( ����� � a� ( a��� ������ ) apica) । (bhiks .¯ am at .a (apica g¯ am¯ anaya) apica)
Recommend
More recommend