and architectural applications Felix Schmollgruber Product Manager - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

How to measure and control effect paints and coatings used in automotive, industrial and architectural applications Felix Schmollgruber Product Manager New Platforms X-Rite Europe GmbH

Web Seminar – At a glance 10.00 h Welcome » Dr. Sonja Schulte, Editor in Chief – European Coatings Journal 10.05 h How to measure and control effect paints and coatings used in automotive, industrial and architectural applications » Felix Schmollgruber, Product Manager New Platforms – X-Rite Europe GmbH 10.45 h Discussion & End of Web-Seminar 2 Felix Schmollgruber

Why two illuminations 2nd generation effect (interference-) pigments show different color NOT ONLY at different observer angles BUT ALSO at different illumination angles See next an example … 3 Felix Schmollgruber

The callenge with effect pigments Gonioapparent samples change color by changing illumination and observation angles „Face“ „Face“ „Flash“ Out of plane steep illumination 45 illumination behind gloss geometry 45 illumination 4 Felix Schmollgruber

Measurement geometries The MA98 is the only portable device equipped with two light sources in order to be compliant to the new standard ASTM E2539 – 08 [http://www.astm.org/Standards/E2539.htm]! 15 illumination specular 45 illumination Measured, 45 specular 15 -5 25 but not analyzed 75 -15 15 -45 traditionally -30 -45 NEW: -15 110 -80 Six geometries: Two additional: 15 asXX 45 asXX 5 Felix Schmollgruber

second light source Standard 6-angle 8-angle Standard 45/0 5-angle instrument instrument instrument instrument (e.g.MA96) MA98 only (e.g.MA94) 45as-15 45as15 45as25 45as45 45as75 45 illumination 45as110 15as-15 15 illumination 15as-15 6 Felix Schmollgruber

X- Rite’s MA98 7 Felix Schmollgruber

19 geometries in total 45as-15 15as-45 45as15 15as-15 45as25 45as25 15as38.3 15as38.3 az-90 az90 45as25 az-43 az43 15as15 45as60 45as60 15as46.9 15as46.9 az-125.3 az125.3 az-104.5 az-104.5 45as45 15as45 45as75 15as80 45as-110 8 Felix Schmollgruber

Why 19 geometries? Light from 45 from the back different observation angles Left: ChromaFlair 190 Right: Viola Fantasy + Blue viewed “in - plane”  Obviously these two panels look very different! 90 turn 9 Felix Schmollgruber

Why 19 geometries? Light from 45 from the left SAMPLES AND LIGHT TURNED BY 90 observation from 45 azimuthal viewed “out -of- plane”  The SAME two Panels create totally different colors 10 Felix Schmollgruber

In plane & out of plane difference Gonioapparent reflection “in - plane” may be different than reflection from “out -of- plane” Y 45 illumination Z X 11 Felix Schmollgruber

Main Influencers on Color & Appearance of effect pigmented paints and coatings

Different Paint Applications … Pneumatic Application Electrostatic Application High Rotational (Bell) Application High Rotational (Bell) Application with Electrostatic support Coil coating 13 Felix Schmollgruber

… result into different Paint Layers Pneumatic = Flat lying Flakes Electrostatic = unregular lying Flakes  Finally we get different Appearances !!! 14 Felix Schmollgruber

Flow & Atomization Same Paint, but different Application … Low Flow & High Atomization (ESTA Bell) High Flow & Low Atomization Pneumatic 15 Felix Schmollgruber

Viscosity? High Resin Viscosity = Low Resin Viscosity = unregular lying Flakes Flat lying Flakes  Finally we get different Appearances !!! 16 Felix Schmollgruber

What do we need to fix? We need to capture the total appearance of a sample and a reference in a • Repeatable • Reproducible and • Consistent way We need to know whether the issue is • The Paint itself or • The Process (Application of the Paint)? We need to know whether the final product will have equal appearance and pass QC requirements We’d want to use easy metrics for that 17 Felix Schmollgruber

A potential Solution? 18 Felix Schmollgruber

The Solution xDNA Captures the whole appearance of an effect paint by measuring and processing a 3D spectral profile Calculates values to tell about total appearance difference Calculates values to tell about ingredient difference These values can be calculated as perceptually weighted as well (illuminant / observer dependant) 19 Felix Schmollgruber

Simple evaluation  deltaG / delta F Total Appearance difference  deltaGs / delta Fs Formulation Change 20 Felix Schmollgruber

How to xDNA? xDNA – X-Rite Dynamic Numerical Analysis Arranging the Geometry into a coordinate system Collect all reflectances per wavelength across all angles as vectors Create a curve of all vector end points per wavelength xDNA – The coating gene 21 Felix Schmollgruber

How to xDNA? Arranging the Geometry into a XYZ coordinate system Y Z X 22 Felix Schmollgruber

How to xDNA? Collect all reflectances per wavelength across all angles as vectors Y 45 illumination Z X 23 Felix Schmollgruber

What is meant by “vectors”? We can build a standard-Spectral Curve out of 30 values for each angle 45 illumination One 2D-Spectral Curve per geometry! 24 Felix Schmollgruber

What is meant by “vectors”? Or we can build a 3D-spectral curve out of each intensity per angle for each wavelength and build a vector chain out of that 45 illumination Y Z 400 nm First point of the xDNA 3D Spectral profile 25 Felix Schmollgruber

What is meant by “vectors”? Or we can build a 3D-spectral curve out of each intensity per angle for each wavelength and build a vector chain out of that 45 illumination Y Z 500 nm “Many ways lead to Rome” – Point 11 of the point can xDNA 3D be built in any order Spectral profile 26 Felix Schmollgruber

The finished 3D profile Create a profile (curve) of all vector-end- points per wavelength 27 Felix Schmollgruber

The new Values Three steps to Analyze these curves Step 1: Transform Method to place the curve of a sample over the curve of a Standard to see if they match. 28 Felix Schmollgruber

Transform Move the balance point of the sample profile over the balance point of the standard profile 29 Felix Schmollgruber

The new Values Three steps to Analyze these curves Step 2: Align Method to rotate the transformed curves to a closest match 30 Felix Schmollgruber

Align Rotate the sample profile to “align” best with the standard profile! 31 Felix Schmollgruber

The new Values Three steps to Analyze these curves Step 3: Scale Method to scale the aligned curves to see if they match.  Tells about the Change of the Formula, Ingredients of the paint! dGs is the delta for Ingredient Change! 32 Felix Schmollgruber

Scale Scale the sample profile to match the standards profile best 33 Felix Schmollgruber

The new Values Summary xDNA is converted by three methods translate – align – scale dG (before transformation)  is the total appearance difference between two samples dGs (after transformation)  represents ingredient differneces! 34 Felix Schmollgruber

The new Values Analysis of perceptual characteristics Similar like 1 Delta E is defined as distance, which can be perceived, 1 dG and 1 dF are defined as the distance in xDNA where a person may be able to distinguish differences! Same like with dG values we find different values for the perceptual deltas 35 Felix Schmollgruber

The new Values Analysis of perceptual characteristics (weighed differences)  Scaled overall difference of dG untransformed xDNA profiles  Scaled overall difference of dGs finally transformed (scaled) xDNA profiles  wheighted difference dF (value changes with selection of D65/10 or A/2 , ...)  Ingredient Change! dFs 36 Felix Schmollgruber

How to analyze xDNA metrics For Details Check dG > 1? Yes check: Traditional color values No 1. dG 2. dGs Equal Appearance! 37 Felix Schmollgruber

Summary The ability to measure the total appearance of gonioapparent effect pigmented paints and coatings secures good quality whenever such effect material is used The use of a second light source makes sure to capture the full effect with high precision spectrophotometric color measurement xDNA as a combined and simplified method of analyzing equal appearance provides • Simple metrics (such as delta E values) for Quality Assurance • The ability to differentiate between formulation and process variations for root cause analyzis 38 Felix Schmollgruber

Thank you for your kind attention! Your questions please! Felix Schmollgruber X-Rite Europe GmbH Product Manager New Platforms