An Overview of ICANN Yaovi Atohoun, Stakeholder Engagement & Operations Manager - Africa Virtual Newcomer Session – AFRINIC @AIS2020 11 September 2020 | 1
Agenda • ICANN in Brief • How the Domain Name System works • New Generic Top Level Domains • Internationalized Domain Names • Universal Acceptance of Domain Names | 2
ICANN in Brief | 3
ICANN’s Mission The mission of the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) is to ensure the stable and secure operation of the Internet’s unique identifier systems Specifically, ICANN: 2 1 Coordinates the development and Coordinates the allocation and implementation of policies assignment of names in the concerning the registration of root zone of the Domain Name second-level domain names in System generic top-level domains (gTLDs) 3 4 Facilitates the coordination of Coordinates the allocation and the operation and evolution of assignment at the top-most level the DNS root name server of Internet Protocol numbers and system Autonomous System numbers 5 Collaborates with other bodies as appropriate to provide registries needed for the functioning of the Internet as specified by Internet protocol standards development organizations | 4
Overview Coordinating with our partners, we help make the Internet work. ICANN was formed in 1998 as a not-for-profit public benefit corporation with a community of participants from all over the world | 5
ICANN’s Global Presence Call one of our regional offices or submit a question online Regional Offices: Los Angeles, U.S.A (Headquarters) Brussels, Belgium Istanbul, Turkey Montevideo, Uruguay Singapore Engagement Centers: Beijing, China Geneva, Switzerland Nairobi, Kenya Washington, D.C., U.S.A. Contact us www.icann.org/contact | 6
ICANN Ecosystem | 7
Exploring ICANN’s Multistakeholder Community Supporting Organizations (SOs) Three SOs in the ICANN community are responsible Advisory Committees for developing policy recommendations in the (ACs) areas they represent. Four ACs give advice and make recommendations on ICANN topics. Address Supporting Organization (ASO) Country Code Names Supporting At-Large Advisory Organization (ccNSO) Committee (ALAC) Generic Names Supporting Governmental Advisory Organization (GNSO) Committee (GAC) Root Server System Advisory Committee (RSSAC) Security and Stability Advisory Committee (SSAC) | 8
Engage at ICANN Issues discussed at ICANN affect your business ICANN’s work ranges relates to a broad range of Internet challenges, including policies on generic names that affect your network configuration and your brand or business practices online. Let your voice be heard on the issues that affect your business. ICANN is open to everyone You can tailor your participation to your needs. Remote participation is available in several languages at all ICANN’s Public Meetings. Issues open for Public Comment are listed on our website for all stakeholders to provide input. Take advantage of our multistakeholder model Not only is ICANN open to everyone, everyone participates on equal footing. This makes it a unique place to interact with and learn from representatives from different sectors such as academia and government. | 9
How the Domain Name System Works | 10
Unique Names and Numbers Anything connected to the Internet – including computers, mobile phones, and other devices – has a unique number called an IP address. IP stands for Internet Protocol. This address is like a postal address. It allows messages, videos, and other packets of data to be sent from anywhere on the Internet to the device that has been uniquely identified by its IP address. IP addresses can be difficult to remember, so instead of numbers, the Internet’s Domain Name System uses letters, numbers, and hyphens to form a name that is easier to remember. | 11
Domain Name Industry Ecosystem Players ¤ Registry: Database of domain names and registrants ¤ Registrar: Primary agent between registrant and registry ¤ Registrant: A holder of a domain name registration Registry Registrar Registran Reseller t Registran t | 12
How Internet Protocol (IP) Addresses are Distributed Internet Service Providers IANA functions Distributes IP address to ISP Distributes IP providers in your address by providing region IP connectivity to homes and businesses Distributes IP address to Regional Internet Homes and Businesses Regional Internet Registries Registries End users connect their personal and professional devices to the Internet | 13
New Generic Top Level Domains, Internationalized Domain Names, and Universal Acceptance | 14
Overview Prior to 2013, there were only .co .cat .coo m .biz p 22 generic Top-Level Names in .edu .aer .gov the Domain Name System, o plus country codes .info .int 22 gTLDs .jobs .mil .museum .travel .name .tel .ne .pro t .or .pos g t | 15
Expansion of gTLDs Since then, the number of .co .cat .coo m .biz p generic Top-Level Domains .edu .aer .gov has grown from 22 to over o .ceo 1,300 (1527 total in root) .info .int 22 1300 ⌃ .futbol .jobs gTLDs .mil . онлайн . みんな .menu .brand .museum .travel .name .paris .tel .ne .cab .pro t .or .pos . 公益 g t | 16
ASCII Domain Name Label www.cafe-123.com Third Level Second Level Top Level Domain Domain Domain (TLD) ② ① Forming ASCII Labels Forming ASCII Labels Use LDH Use only Letters • L etters [a-z] • Letters [a-z] • D igits [0-9] Label length = 63 • H yphen [H] Label length = 63 Other constraints (e.g. on hyphen) | 17
Internationalized Domain Name (IDN) Labels ตัวอย่าง . ไทย IDN Second IDN Top Level Level Domain Domain Syntax of IDN Labels Syntax of IDN Labels Valid U-Label: Unicode Valid U-Label, further code points as constrained by the constrained by the “LDH” “letter” principle for TLDs scheme within IDNA 2008 ② ① | 18
Universal Acceptance Initiative Vision All domain names and all email addresses work in all software applications Impact Promote consumer choice, improve competition and provide broader access to end users | 19 | ‹#›
Categories Affected by UA Issues ¤ Newer top-level domain names: example.sky ¤ Longer top-level domain names: example.global ¤ Internationalized domain namesﻣﺛﺎل.اﻟﺑﺣرﯾن ¡ Rendering problems • Displaying A-label: xn--mgbh0fb.xn--mgbcpq6gpa15g • Ordering right-to-left scripts: should be اﻟﺑﺣرﯾن.ﻣﺛﺎل ¤ Internationalized email addresses: अजय@डाटा.भारत (email address in Hindi language) Applications should be able to do the following for all domain names and email addresses: Accept Store Process Display Validate | 20
Fellowship and NextGen Programs | 21
Some support Programs NextGen Newcomer Fellowship Regionally based program to Program dedicated to those Global capacity-building create awareness and entering the ICANN program to support ICANN’s promote future discussions community. Options are self- multistakeholder community. with universities and other study using the Newcomer Online application process regional forums. Online web page or participation in is open three times per year application process is open person or remotely at the to participate in an ICANN three times per year to attend Newcomer Sunday meeting Public Meeting (one an ICANN Public Meeting. at an ICANN Public Meeting. meeting for Alumni only). Watch Fellowship and NextGen video: Watch Newcomer video: https://www.youtube.com/ https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=nrV_ZkDEfIQ watch?v=da1RQt9-e-g icann.org/fellowshipprogram icann.org/development-and-public-responsibility/nextgen icann.org/newcomers | 22
How NextGen Differs From Fellowship The Fellowship program focuses on The NextGen@ICANN program capacity building and fast immersion focuses on education, awareness into the ICANN Community, bringing and future engagement. Applicants approximately 60 fellows to (2) must be between the ages of 18 ICANN meetings and 40 to (1) and 30, live and be enrolled in Meeting, which is the ‘Alumni only’ some type of higher learning Policy Forum Meeting. Fellowship curriculum within the region that candidates must be at least 21 years the ICANN Meeting is being held. of age with no other age limit; priority Approximately 20-30 eligible is interest in continuing engagement candidates selected per meeting to as a volunteer in the Multistakeholder engage in customized, topical Model after meeting the other discussions selection criteria | 23
How Program Funding Works Fellowship Newcomer NextGen Travel, accommodations, Travel, accommodations, No funding offered, but and stipend provided to opens doors to and stipend provided to cover some costs of cover some costs of communication and attending an ICANN Public attending an ICANN Public learning through Meeting engagement@icann.org Meeting and ICANN Learn | 24
ICANN Learn | 25
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