America in WWII, 1941-1945 Japan Eyes the Pacific Japan needed - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

America in WWII, 1941-1945

Japan Eyes the Pacific Japan needed resources Manchuria 1931: Japanese troops took over ___________________ (in northeastern China) ! ! 1937: Japanese armies attack ! World War II in Asia and the Pacific, 1941–1945 Alaska (U.S.) the heartland of China in what was called ! 160 ° W 120 ° E 160 ° E 80 ° E s S O V I E T U N I O N d n a I s l ! a n u t i A l e Sakhalin Attu The Rape of Nanking May 1943 Karafuto ________________________ ! . s I l MONGOLIA r i MANCHURIA u K ! Hokkaido 40 ° N N Japanese killed over 300,000 Chinese ! Beijing A KOREA Honshu P C H I N A (Peking) A PACIFIC J Hiroshima Tokyo Aug. 1945 ! OCEAN Shikoku Nanking Nagasaki, Aug. 1945 Shanghai Kyushu Midway Island June 1942 Japanese eyed the rich European colonies ! Iwo Jima Feb.–Mar. 1945 Okinawa H I Apr.–July 1945 s a Taiwan l w a Tropic of Cancer n a 5 4 d i i 9 s a 1 Pearl Harbor (U.S.) n of Southeast Asia ! INDIA Hong Kong BURMA Dec. 1941 Wake Island Mariana (Br.) 1 (Br.) 9 Dec. 1941 4 Islands 5 1945 Luzon 3 9 4 ! 1 Saipan PHILIPPINES THAILAND June–July 1944 1944 FRENCH 1945 INDOCHINA 1944 Leyte Gulf 1943 1940: Americans cracked ! Japanese empire, 1931 Guam Oct. 1944 July–Aug. 1944 Japanese gains by 1942 Marshall Mindanao Caroline Islands Extent of Japanese expansion MALAYA Islands 1944 Allies a Japanese coded message: ! Tarawa Singapore Nov. 1943 Neutral nations Sumatra 0 ° Equator D Borneo Gilbert 1 Allied advances 9 4 U 1943–1944 3 – Islands Celebes Moluccas 1 T Battle INDIAN 9 C 4 H Japan wanted to take over ! NEW GUINEA 4 Ellice E Solomon A OCEAN S T Islands J I N Islands a v a D I E S Guadalcanal Coral Sea Aug. 1942–Feb. 1943 foreign-controlled areas in Southeast Asia ! May 1942 1942 0 1,000 Miles Coral ! Sea 0 2,000 Kilometers Battle of Midway, June 1942 we thought they might take ! 180 ° W 177 ° W Pearl Harbor 179 ° W 178 ° W From The Japanese warship Mikuma Hornet & Enterprise American-controlled ! lists and begins to sink after Hiryu Yorktown (sinks June 5) being struck by bombs from F r o American aircraft during the m 31 ° N Philippines and Guam J Soryu a Enterprise ________________________ ! p (sinks a Battle of Midway. n June 4) Hiryu Yorktown Akagi (sinks June 7) (sinks June 5) ! Kaga (sinks Japanese fleet movements June 4) U.S. fleet movements 30 ° N French Indochina Japanese air strikes 1941: Japanese overran ___________________ ! U.S. air strikes Japanese aircraft carriers U.S. aircraft carriers (Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos) ! PAC I F I C 29 ° N O C E A N ! 0 50 Miles 0 100 Kilometers Kure Roosevelt cut off ! Atoll Midway Islands GEOGRAPHY SKILLBUILDER: Interpreting Maps 1. Location Which battle was fought in the most northern oil Some Japanese search aircraft were late getting into the air. As a result, region? _________ shipments to Japan the Japanese were completely unaware that U.S. ships were nearby. 2. Movement From what two general directions did Allied forces move in on Japan?

Surprise Attack on Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941 On _______________________ The Empire of Japan attacked ! Pearl Harbor, Hawaii the American Naval Base in _______________________ ! ! within two hours, the Japanese had sunk or damaged 19 ships, including 8 battleships ! ! more than 2,300 Americans were killed and over 1,100 were wounded ! ! On December 8, President Roosevelt declared that December 7th ! live in infamy would be “a date which will _______________________” ! ! Congress quickly accepted his request for a declaration of war on Japan and its allies ! (Germany & Italy)

US Mobilizes for War: ______________________________ The Office of Price Administration regulated prices rationed They ____________________ and ________________ certain items, like meat and butter, to make sure there was enough for everyone AND enough to send to the soldiers.

The War Production Board US Mobilizes for War: _____________________________ industry took control of _____________ and halted production of non- essential items (like washing machines and passenger cars) “Rosie the Riveter”

The War Labor Board US Mobilizes for War: _____________________________ set ceilings on wages (lower wages means lower prices)

US Minority Groups in WWII African-Americans Fight For The “Double V” Bracero Program _______________________ Code Talkers _______________________ Zoot Suits

Japanese-American Internment (1942) 127,000 _______________ Japanese Americans lived in the US at the time of the Pearl Harbor attack ! 112,000 resided on the West Coast ! nisei sansei most were __________ (second generation) or __________ (third generation) afraid the Japanese-Americans would becomes spies for Japan, Executive Order 9066 the US government passed _____________________________, authorizing the War Department to construct detention camps to hold people of Japanese ancestry ! 122,000 nearly _______________ men, women, and children on the west coast were relocated across the country and held in internment camps __________ ! Manzanar ! The site of one of ten camps where over 110,000 Japanese Americans were incarcerated during World War II. Located at the foot of the Sierra Nevada in California, it is approximately 230 miles northeast of Los Angeles ! ! Approximately 14,500 people of German and Italian ancestry and 2,200 ethnic Japanese deported from Latin American countries were also subject to the wartime confinement program.

Internment Camp Locations

European Axis Leadership Benito Mussolini ! Duce of Fascism ! Adolf Hitler ! (Italy) ! Führer of Germany ! December 24, 1925 –July 25, 1943 April 20, 1889 – April 30, 1945

Allied Leaders Sir Winston Churchill ________________________ ! Franklin D. Roosevelt ! Prime Minister of ! President of the US the United Kingdom Joseph Stalin ______________ ! General Secretary of the Communist Party ! of the Soviet Union

General Dwight Eisenhower ________________________ ! 1st Supreme Allied Commander Europe Eisenhower with U.S. paratroopers of the 502d Parachute Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division on June 5, 1944 British Field Marshal Bernard ________________ ! ! ! Montgomery ________________ ! nicknamed "Monty"

Halting Hitler’s Advance German u-boats traveled in what they called wolfpacks “_____________” ! ! enigma code the German "________________" was broken ! decoded messages helped the Allies locate ! German u-boat wolfpacks Erwin Rommel German Gen. ___________________ ! ! Desert Fox nicknamed the “______________" because he was so clever ! won many battles in North Africa ! ! Stalingrad the Battle of _____________ (Sep. 1942) ! Soviets stopped the German eastward advance ! ! El Alamein the Battle of ________________ (Oct. 1942) ! Brit. Gen. Bernard Montgomery stopped the Germans in Egypt

The Fighting Continues the Soviet Union wanted the Allies to open a ! second front _______________ against Germany ! ! America wanted to attack the Nazis through France ! ! Winston Churchill suggested they attack from North Africa up through Italy ! ! Gen. Eisenhower attacked North Africa (Nov. 1942) ! Casablanca Conference ____________________________ (Jan. 1943) ! Roosevelt and Churchill agreed to seek the ! ! unconditional surrender "____________________________________" of Germany ! ! Germans were pushed out of Africa (May 1943) ! ! Allies moved up to Sicily ! Mussolini overthrown; Italy surrenders (Sept. 1943) Tehran Conference the ________________________, November-December 1943 ! ! Stalin, Roosevelt, and Churchill met in Tehran, Iran ! Britain and the US agreed to the open a second front against Nazi Germany

The Second Front ! D-Day, June 6, 1944