Air Quality in Stone Michele Hackman, AECOM 16 th October 2017 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Air Quality in Stone Michele Hackman, AECOM 16 th October 2017

Agenda – Health Effects – Sources of Pollution – Air Quality Criteria – Air Quality Management Areas – AECOM Survey in Stone – DBC Monitoring in Stone – Mitigation to Improve Air quality Page 2

Health Effects – If you are young and in good state of health- moderate air pollution levels are unlikely to have any serious short term effects – Elevated levels and or long term exposure can lead to serious symptoms, mainly affecting respiratory system and inflammatory systems but can lead to heart disease and cancer. Pollutant Health effects at very high levels Nitrogen Dioxide, These gases irritate the airways of the lungs, increasing the Sulphur Dioxide, Ozone symptoms of those suffering from lung diseases Particles Fine particles can be carried deep into the lungs where they can cause inflammation and a worsening of heart and lung diseases Carbon Monoxide This gas prevents the uptake of oxygen by the blood. This can lead to a significant reduction in the supply of oxygen to the heart, particularly in people suffering from heart disease Page 3

Health Effects- short term – People with lung or heart conditions – when pollution levels rise, there is an increased risk of becoming ill and needing treatment. Asthmatics may need to increase their inhaled reliever medication. – Older people- are more likely to suffer from heart and lung conditions and so it makes good sense for them to be aware of current air pollution conditions. – The general population - At Very High levels of air pollution, some people may experience a sore or dry throat, sore eyes or, in some cases, a tickly cough even in healthy individuals. Page 4

Kent and Medway Air Quality Partnership- Pollution Forecasts Page 5

Health Effects- Recommended Actions Air Pollution Value Accompanying health messages for at-risk individuals Accompanying health messages for the general population Banding Low 1-3 Enjoy your usual outdoor activities. Enjoy your usual outdoor activities. Moderate 4-6 Adults and children with lung problems, and adults with heart problems, Enjoy your usual outdoor activities. who experience symptoms, should consider reducing strenuous physical activity, particularly outdoors. High 7-9 Adults and children with lung problems, and adults with heart problems, Anyone experiencing discomfort such as sore eyes, cough or should reduce strenuous physical exertion, particularly outdoors, and sore throat should consider reducing activity, particularly particularly if they experience symptoms. People with asthma may find outdoors. they need to use their reliever inhaler more often. Older people should also reduce physical exertion. Very High 10 Adults and children with lung problems, adults with heart problems, and Reduce physical exertion, particularly outdoors, especially if older people, should avoid strenuous physical activity. People with asthma you experience symptoms such as cough or sore throat. may find they need to use their reliever inhaler more often. Page 6

Health Effects “Each year, inhaling particulates causes around 29,000 deaths in the UK, which, on recent evidence, may rise to around 40,000 deaths when also considering nitrogen dioxide exposure” Extract from 2016 report Every Breath We Take: the Lifelong Impact of Air Pollution by the Royal College of Physicians Page 7

What are the Main Sources of Air Pollution? – Mobile sources (e.g. cars, heavy goods vehicles, mobile plant used for construction – Stationary sources (e.g. power plants, chemical plants, oil refineries, manufacturing facilities, and other industrial facilities) – Residential and commercial buildings (space & water heating, lawn & garden equipment) – Natural sources (fires, wind blown dust, volcanoes) Page 8

Air Quality Criteria – The WHO guidelines are intended for worldw ide use and to ‘guide’ governments so as to allow them to make appropriate standards or limits. – Air Quality criteria are set by each country but will vary depending on the approach adopted for balancing health risks, technological feasibility, economic considerations and various political and social factors. – An air quality ‘S tandard ’ or ‘Limit’ must have a corresponding ‘ averaging period ’ depending on the health effect of the pollutant eg acute (short term) e.g. 1 hour or chronic (long term) e.g. annual . Page 9

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 ) Criteria Averaging period Concentration 200 µg/m 3 not to be exceeded more 1-hour than 18 times per year 40 µg/m 3 Annual mean Page 10

Assessment of Air Quality – Since December 1997, each local authority has carried out review and assessments – The aim of the review is to make sure that the national air quality objectives will be achieved throughout the UK by the relevant deadlines. – If a local authority finds any places where the objectives are not likely to be achieved, it must declare an Air Quality Management Area there – Then the local authority will put together a plan to improve the air quality - a Local Air Quality Action Plan. Page 11

Current AQMAs by Pollutant Pollutant England Wales Scotland N. Ireland London Benzene Nitrogen dioxide NO 2 503 37 25 20 33 Particulate Matter PM 10 33 1 21 7 29 Sulphur dioxide SO 2 7 1 Page 12

AQMAs by Source in England Source Number of Current AQMAs by Source Road transport unspecified 191 County or Unitary Authority Road 174 Mixture of road types 81 Highways Agency Road 51 Transport and Industrial Source 10 Industrial Source 9 Transport, Industrial and domestic sources 2 Domestic Heating 2 Not Defined 2 Railways 1 Page 13

Dartford AQMA 1 - A corridor approximately 250m wide along the A282 Dartford Tunnel Approach Road from junction 1a to 300m south of junction 1b. Page 14

Dartford AQMA 2 - A226 London Road, Dartford Page 15

Dartford AQMA 3 - An area encompassing Dartford Town and a number of approach roads Page 16

Dartford AQMA 4 - An area encompassing the Bean Interchange between the A2 and A296 Page 17

NO 2 Diffusion Tubes Page 18

Photos of Diffusion Tube 1: 86 London Road (Invicta Road) Page 19

Photos of Diffusion Tube 2: 295 London Road (Hedge Place Rd/Stone Place Rd) Page 20

Photos of Diffusion Tube 3: 179 Charles Street (Crossways Blvd) Page 21

Monitoring in and near Stone Parish Page 22

AECOM Monthly NO 2 Results (µg/m 3 ) Site 5/5/17-5/6/17 5/6/17-10/7/17 10/7/17-7/8/17 Average DT1 86 London Rd 32.1 37.1 33.0 34.1 DT2 295 London Rd 35.9 39.0 33.0 36.0 DT3 179b Charles St 22.5 23.0 17.1 20.9 Page 23

AECOM Survey Results (µg/m 3 ) 3 month mean (raw) Estimated annual mean At closest property Exceed objective? DT1 86 London Rd 34.1 50.0 45.2 Exceed DT2 295 London Rd 36.0 52.8 53.6 Exceed DT3 179b Charles St 20.9 30.6 28.5 Not exceed • Annual mean adjustment of 1.45 based on data from Bexley, Thurrock and Eltham from 2016 • Bias adjustment of 1.01 from 2016 for 50% TEA in acetone from Gradko Page 24

Air Quality Monitoring by DBC in Stone Parish Site ID Name In AQMA? 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 (London Road 3 DA38 Waterstone) Y 45 40 43 43 39 36 44 Roadside Park (Swallow Cl) DA53 N 30 27 28 30 25 24 24 Background The Brent/London DA62 Y 60 49 47 49 47 47 Rd Roadside Bow Arrow Lane II DA68 N 38 37 34 38 Roadside Page 25

DBC Diffusion Tubes in Stone Parish Page 26

DBC Data for London Rd in St Clements Greenhithe Measured (µg/m 3 ) Pollutant Averaging period Objective NO 2 Annual mean 47 40 NO 2 Hours > 200 µg/m 3 19 18 NO 2 Days with moderate 7 PM 10 Annual mean 24 40 Days > 50 µg/m 3 PM 10 5 35 PM 10 Days with moderate 5 DBC has operated three 3 continuous monitoring stations in the borough. All are currently marked as closed. None are in Stone Parish. However, one is near London Rd at St Clements Greenhithe. Data is available for 2016. Page 27

National Planning Policy Framework (2012) “To prevent unacceptable risks from pollution …, planning policies and decisions should ensure that new development is appropriate for its location.... Planning policies should sustain compliance with and contribute towards EU limit values or national objectives for pollutants, taking into account the presence of AQMAs and the cumulative impacts on air quality from individual sites in local areas. Planning decisions should ensure that any new development in AQMAs is consistent with local air quality action plans. “ Page 28

Improving Air Quality Near Roads – Reduce impacts from proposed developments- planning – Reduce traffic flows – Smooth traffic flows- optimise speeds – Reduce emissions from vehicles: cleaner vehicles – Reduce exposure : locate properties away from roads and reduce street canyon effects Page 29

Kent and Medway AQ Partnership Planning Guidance (2015) – Quantification of impacts from proposed development for major development – All major development requires an emissions mitigation statement a. Calculation of damage costs b. Identification of mitigation measures Page 30