Agenda Tuesday 0 Sentence transformations 0 Reminder: I am headed to - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Agenda Tuesday 0 Sentence transformations 0 Reminder: I am headed to TESOL and out of the office Wednesday-Friday. Instead of meeting as a class on Thursday, you will need to complete the following items on Canvas before midnight Friday. 0 Finish the Chapter 5 lecture video 0 Complete two Moodle activities (linked through Canvas) 0 Are these sentences active or passive? 0 What is the sentence pattern? 0 Homework from this week (checked after break): 0 Workbook 5.1 and 5.2 (no diagrams), 5.5, 5.6 0 Read Chapter 6

So far this semester… 0 Word forms (open, closed, pronouns) 0 Sentence patterns 0 VER 0 Second half of the semester 0 Transformations 0 Functions (adverbials, adjectivals, nominals)

Passive and active voice 0 What is an agent? 0 What is the subject in an active sentence? 0 What becomes the subject in a passive sentence? 0 Why use the passive voice?

Main reasons for using the passive

Changing the sentence focus 0 The boys ate every piece of pizza

Changing the sentence focus 0 The boys ate every piece of pizza. 0 Every piece of pizza was eaten by the boys.

Verb expansion rule with the passive

This now means that we have two rules for expanding the main verb in a sentence, depending on the voice. 1. I was given a second chance. 2. The lottery will be held on March 24. 3. The causes of unhappiness in the Australian labor market are examined. 4. I could have been killed in there! 5. During this period, some metalwork may have been being imported from Egypt.

Changing sentence focus with the passive 1. Make the original direct object the subject of the sentence. 2. Add “be” as an auxiliary +en to the verb string (before the main verb). 3. If the original agent is mentioned, it becomes the object of the preposition by . (NOTE: This step is not required and is often missing).

The passive test of transitivity

Practice: Transform these active sentences into the passive 1. The costumes for Black 1. Ruth E. Carter designed the Panther were designed by costumes for Black Panther. Ruth E. Carter. 2. You should floss your teeth 2. Your teeth should be flossed every day, every day (by you). 3. The USDA has established 3. New dietary guidelines have new dietary guidelines. been established by the USDA. 4. Amazon is delivering 4. Packages are being delivered packages via drones. via drones by Amazon. 5. At that point in the evening, 5. At that point in the evening, we were exchanging insults. insults were being exchanged (by us).

Write out the VER and determine whether the sentence is passive or active 1. She was always being sarcastic. past + be + -ing + be (active) 2. She was always being serenaded by her suitors. past + be + -ing + be + -en + serenade (passive) 3. Gold has been discovered in Canada. present + have + -en + be + -en + discover (passive) 4. The children have been naughty recently. present + have + -en + be (active) 5. Our flower cart was upset by the rioters. past + be + -en + upset (passive) 6. I was upset the whole day because of his comments. past + be (active)

Transforming patterns 7-10 from passive to active 1. Identify the agent (by ______, or make one up/use “someone”. 2. Delete be + -en from the verb string. (don’t skip writing out the verb string!) 3. Rewrite the sentence with the agent as the subject, the revised verb, and the passive subject in the direct object slot. Velcro was invented by a Swiss man. We were called the best boy band of the early 2000s.

Passive to active transformations The restaurant updates the menu 1. 1. The menu is updated weekly. weekly. 2. Three finalists have been The panel has chosen three 2. chosen for the citizenship finalists for the citizenship award. award. 3. Some powerful people in The Time’s Up movement is calling 3. out some powerful people in Hollywood are being called out Hollywood for past abusive for past abusive behavior. behavior. 4. Smallpox has been considered The WHO has considered 4. eradicated since 1980. Smallpox eradicated since 1980.

Cleft sentences

Cleft sentences Mary wrecked her motorcycle in Phoenix during the Christmas break. Not Diane Mary wrecked her motorcycle in Phoenix during the Christmas break. Not her car Mary wrecked her motorcycle in Phoenix during the Christmas break. Not Ames Mary wrecked her motorcycle in Phoenix during the Christmas break. Not spring They can start with either it or what as subject and have a form of be as the main verb. It was Mary who wrecked her motorcycle in Phoenix during the Christmas break. It was her motorcycle that Mary wrecked in Phoenix during the Christmas break It was in Phoenix that Mary wrecked her motorcycle during the Christmas break It was during the Christmas break that Mary wrecked her motorcycle in Phoenix.

Cleft sentences- What

There transformations

There transformation

Ways of changing sentence focus , VI

Expletive or locative adverb?

Expletive or locative adverb? Sentence pattern? 1. There’s often a flock of blackbirds sitting on the 1. expletive, VI telephone wire in our neighborhood. 2. Adverb- I 2. There they are now. 3. Adverb- I 3. There’s Henry across the street. 4. Adverb- VI 5. Expletive I 4. There he goes. 5. Isn’t there a spelling checker on your computer?

Un-transformations a) Identify the transformation type b) Write the untransformed sentence c) ID the sentence pattern and diagram the untransformed sentence 1. He was being stalked by a girl from Tinder. 2. It was my platoon sergeant who had given me a hard time in the army. 3. There stood a rusty suit of armor at the end of a dark hallway 4. What Amy hates is the taste of fennel.

The non-apology apology 0 For each apology, rewrite it to change the voice from passive to active (feel free to be creative and add more info!). What is the effect? 1. It must be stated, first and foremost, that mistakes were made. 2. Attention should have been paid. 3. This will not be allowed to happen again.