Age of Exploration 1. The Spice Islands 2. Motives and Means 3. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Age of Exploration 1. The Spice Islands 2. Motives and Means 3. Portuguese Exploration 4. Christopher Columbus 5. A Spanish Empire and its Critics 6. Magellan’s Voyage 7. England Explores and colonizes 8. France and the Fur Trade 9. Dutch Trade 10. Slavery

Chapter 1: The Spice Islands •archipelago – a chain of islands •rain shadow – an area that gets less rain because it is on the protected side of a mountain •monopoly – complete control of selling a product or service

1. What geographic term is used to describe Indonesia? P.122 • archipelago 2. Where are the Moluccas located, and what is another name for them? p.122 • South of the Philippines, the Spice Islands

3. In what way does the Malay Archipelago occupy a special position? P. 122 • It marks the boundary between 2 sections of the earth’s crust and it is part of the Ring of Fire 4. Who had a monopoly over the spice trade during the Middle Ages? P. 123 • Arab traders 5. Which explorer wrote about his travels to throughout Asia during the thirteenth century, inspiring other explorers to travel? P.124 • Marco Polo

Nutmeg and cloves from the spice Islands The desire for spices Ginger from China led to the Age of Exploration. Cinnamon from India This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

Chapter 2: Motives and Means •infidel – someone who does not believe in what is considered the true religion •navigation – traveling by ship from one place to another •hull – the sides and bottom of a boat 1. What was the name of the 4,000 mile long overland trade route between Asia and Europe? P. 125 • The Silk Road

2. What were 2 reasons Europeans were so interested in finding a sea route to Asia? P. 125 • Find spices • Spread Christianity 3. What were the ships built for long ocean voyages called? P.126 • Caravels 4. What tools did early explorers use for navigation and how were they used? P. 127 1. The sky – sun during the day, stars at night 2. Astrolabe and sextant – find latitude 3. A log attached to a rope – speed in knots 4. Magnetic compass - direction 5. Hourglass - time

Chapter 3: Portuguese Exploration • moor – a North African follower of Islam • scurvy – a disease caused by a lack of vitamin C, which is found in fresh fruits and vegetables Who provided leadership for Portuguese exploration? P. 128 1. • Prince Henry, often called the Navigator What did Bartolomeu Dias spot at the southern tip of Africa? P. 129 2. • Cabo Tormentoso (Cape of Storms) called the Cape of Good Hope

Why was Dias’ expedition important and to what route did his 3. expedition lead? P. 129 • He had shown that it was possible to sail around Africa • a route to the Indian Ocean. Who led a fleet of 4 ships around almost the entire coast of 4. Africa and on to India? P. 129 • Vasco da Gama

5. Whose route was Pedro Alvares Cabral supposed to follow and where was he supposed to go? P. 131 • He was supposed to follow the route of Vasco de Gama to India. 6. What land did Pedro Alvares Cabral discover by mistake? P. 132 • The coast of Brazil

Chapter 4: Christopher Columbus • League – an old measurement of distance equal to approximately 3 miles • Mutiny – a rebellion against a leader such as a ship’s captain • Royal standard – a monarch’s flag In which group of islands did Columbus land after sailing from 1. the Canary Islands? P. 135 • The Bahamas

What did Columbus call the people he met on the 2. islands? P. 135 • Indians After stopping in the Bahamas, where did Columbus 3. sail to? P. 135 • Cuba and Hispaniola What is the Treaty of Tordesillas? P. 137 4. • Signed in 1494, said that all land to the west of an imaginary line would be Spain’s and to the east would be Portugal’s

Chapter 5: A Spanish Empire and its Critics 1. What do we call a soldier in search of adventure and wealth? p. 138 • conquistador 2. What is an encomienda? p. 139 • land and labor arrangements to help establish new communities 3. Who was the Spanish missionary priest who spoke out against the enslavement of Indians? P. 139 • Bartolome de Las Casas

Chapter 6: Magellan’s Voyage 1. What is a narrow waterway connecting two bodies of water called? P. 140 • strait 2. What did Magellan do that set him apart from earlier explorers? P. 140 • he asserted his command 3. Where is the Strait of Magellan? P. 140 • southern tip of South America 4. What does it mean to travel completely around the earth by water? P. 141 • circumnavigate

Chapter 7: England Explores and Colonizes 1. What did John Cabot find for England and what was he seeking? P. 142 • He found Newfoundland and was seeking the Northwest passage to the Indies 2. What event in 1588 led to England’s control of the seas? P. 145 • defeated the Spanish Armada 3. What was the first failed English colony in North America? P. 146 • The Lost Colony 4. What was the first successful, permanent, English settlement in North America? P. 146 • Jamestown, VA

Chapter 8: France and the Fur Trade 1. What is a mapmaker called? P. 147 • cartographer 2. Who was the first European to sail up the Atlantic coast of present day United States? P. 147 • Verrazano 3. What region did the king of France ask Jacques Cartier to explore? P. 148 • the coast of North America 4. What got France interested in building colonies in New France? P.149 • the fur trade

Chapter 9: Dutch Trade 1. What is a charter? P. 151 • a document issued by an authority giving a group certain rights 2. Henry Hudson claimed the land at the mouth of what is now the Hudson River for the Netherlands. Where is this located? P. 152 • Albany , NY

Chapter 10: Slavery 1. As part of the triangular trade route, ships dropped slaves off in Central America, then brought what kinds of goods to Europe? P.156 • rice, sugar, tobacco 2. What is the name of the trip from Africa to the Americas that slaves were forced to make? P. 156 • the Middle passage 3. Use three adjectives to describe this trip: p. 156 • terrible, cruel, dehumanizing

Chapter 10: Slavery 4. A ______________ is the interior of a ship below the deck. • hold 5. What is an indentured servant? • a person who owes an employer a certain amount of work for a certain amount of time 6. What were the three main reasons for European Exploration? • trade, wealth, and evangelization (Christianity)

Settlements to remember: 1. Jamestown, VA – first English colony in North America 2. St. Augustine, FL – oldest existing Spanish settlement in North America 3. Montreal, Canada – oldest French settlement in North America

Explorers to remember: 1. Balboa - claimed the land along the Pacific Ocean for Spain 2. Bartolomeu Dias - discovered the Cabo Tormentosa (Cape of Good Hope) 3. Christopher Columbus - discovered the Bahamas, Cuba, and Hispaniola 4. Sir Francis Drake - circumnavigated the globe in the Golden Hind (England) 5. Henry Hudson - discovered a huge inland sea; his crew mutinied 6. Magellan - circumnavigated the world for Spain and explored a strait 7. Marco Polo - traveled throughout Asia by land and sea 8. Vasco da Gama - sailed around Africa and on to India