Age Age Appro Appropriate priate Care Care & Pa Pain - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Age Age Appro Appropriate priate Care Care & Pa Pain Manage in Management ment Self Learning Module – Developed by Staff & Community Education Revised 10/98; 7/01; 5/03; 11/07 Reviewed 9/10; 9/11; 9/12

Normal Vital Signs Adult vital signs Pulse 60 to 100 beats per minute 90 to 140 mmHg (systolic) Blood Pressure 60 to 90 mmHg (diastolic) Respirations 12 to 20 breaths per minute Child vital signs (age 1 to 8 years) Pulse 80 to 100 beats per minute Blood Pressure 80 to 110 mmHg systolic Respirations 15 to 30 breaths per minute Infant vital signs (age 1 to 12 months) Pulse 100 to 140 beats per minute Blood Pressure 70 to 95 mmHg systolic Respirations 25 to 50 breaths per minute Neonatal vital signs (full-term < 28 days) Pulse 120 to 160 beats per minutes Blood Pressure >60 mmHg systolic Respirations 40 to 60 breaths per minute

0-1 Month Neonate 0-1 Physical Motor/Sensory Cognitive Psychosocial Interventions / Ways to Provide Age-specific Adaptations Care  Eyes are closed much of the  Able to fixate on  Prefers the  Sleep is  Involve parents in care time even when awake. an object visually human face major  Teach about feeding, hygiene, safety and other activity  Aversion to bright lights  Prefers ways to promote healthy development  Begins to complex  Tear ducts do not function  Support head patterns to develop simple sense of  Cannot support own head  Observe fontanelles for tenderness, bulging or patterns touch depression  Umbilical site heals to form  Prefers  Begins to  Have bulb syringe available in case of need for navel medium recognize lighted parents suctioning  Reflexes present: moro, objects  Keep crib siderails up at all times stepping, smiling, grasping, rooting, sucking, protective  Encourage parents to assist with care head turning, and tonic neck  Neonates are especially  Smile at the neonate sensitive to electrolyte  Provide basic needs, while maintaining a safe imbalance and to their environment in terms of body environment heat regulation  Teach parents the importance of car seat safety  Anterior Frontal Fontanelle is and the danger of the child ingesting objects soft and will be until around 4 (baby-proof the environment) months of age.  Provide support to head and neck  Rapid Growth  Position on back to go to sleep to prevent SIDS  Average head circumference (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome) 13.5"  If giving IV fluids, use a volume control unit  Pain is indicated by irritability, restlessness, brow bulge, or vigorous cry

1-12 Month Infant Physical Motor/Sensory Cognitive Psychosocial Interventions / Ways to Provide Age-specific Care Adaptations  Rapid growth  Raises head, turns  Recognizes  Establish trust  Involve parents or primary caregivers in care over, rolls over, parents,  Weight doubles  Smiles  Encourage parents to assist with care sits up, scoots, primary by 5 months and creeps, crawls, caregivers (0-3 spontaneously at  Keep siderails up on crib at all times. triples by 1st year pulls themselves months) human faces (2 up and walks. months)  Posterior  Cries when  Keep parents in baby's line of vision  Reaches and  Plays social fontanelle closes mother, father  Utilize distraction techniques as appropriate - 2 months grasps objects or primary games (peek-a- bringing to mouth caregiver boo and patty  Begins teething  Respond to baby's bid for help leaves (7-9 cake)  Begins to feed months)  Bladder and  Monitor toys for removable parts and safety themselves  Begins to bowel patterns approval  Reactions develop speak and  Provide familiar objects advance from mimic sounds  Primitive reflexes reflexes to  Learns by  Provide opportunity for return demonstration of diminish toward intentional end of 1st year imitation new procedures by parents or primary caregivers  Active learning  Provide basic needs while maintaining a safe environment  Shows range of  Offer age appropriate toys emotions (ex: anger,  Cuddle an upset child and talk in soothing tones frustration, affection, fear  Pain in an infant is demonstrated by irritability, with separation, and restlessness, brow bulge, or vigorous cry. anxiety with  Teach parents the importance of car seat safety strange situations and and the danger of the child ingesting objects people, etc.) (baby-proof the environment) (10-12 months)  Obeys simple commands

1-3 years Toddler Physical Motor/Sensory Cognitive Psychosocial Interventions / Ways to Provide Age- Adaptations specific Care  Decreased appetite and  Places foreign  Utilizes fantasy  Parents are  Involve parents in care food intake objects in and magical significant people  Encourage parents/primary caregiver to orifices thinking and/or  Abdomen protrudes  Discovers/develops mental play to stay with child, especially at night  Shakes, sniffs, adapt to fears and sense of will  Developing bowel and  Allow to express feelings and visually anxieties  Separation/stranger bladder control examines all  Shares what they  Explain what you'll be doing before new objects anxiety present  Improved balance want to be true, beginning  Feeds self  Develops/asserts believing what  Use play as a means of preparing and they are saying independence  Walks up and instead of stating explaining but be firm and direct  Everything is down stairs facts  Don't give anything small enough to fit "mine"  Stands on 1 foot  Play is a form of in a body orifice  Puts away toys learning  Throws a large  Utilize stories to explain what is experience  Plays simple ball happening and use their belief in magic  Understands games  Allow choices if possible simple directions  Have little control and requests  Utilize distraction techniques over their emotions  Verbal skills are  Provide opportunity for return improved demonstration of new procedures by  Short attention parents or primary caregivers span  Provide basic needs while maintaining  The toddler has a safe environment  Explain procedures to parents and the trouble understanding child in simple terms. Allow time for pain, and may questions  Educate parents on home safety, think it is a punishment outlets, windows, poisons, and using the car seat until child weighs 40 lbs

3-6 years Preschool Physical Motor/Sensory Cognitive Psychosocial Interventions / Ways to Provide Age- Adaptations specific Care  Slow and  Bounces large ball with  Increased vocabulary  Parents, siblings and  Involve parent/primary caregiver in regular growth both hands progressing but uses words peers are significant care to one hand without  Becomes taller  Learns to recognize  Use simple instructions understanding  Skips, hops, jumps and thinner meaning and deal with  Prepare for procedures by rope, roller skates physical and  Toilet training  Ritualistic emotional separation pretending with actual equipment.  Prints own name (5 completed from parent Explain the procedure just before  Retains magical years) you perform it  Others thinking  Washes and dries hands  Hold their hand  Expresses feelings  Aware of others ’ - bathes self  Tell stories to explain what is through actions feelings  Dresses self during play happening  May use aggression  Throws and catches  More fears than any  Utilize belief in magic  Identifies behavior ball other age group (ex:  Provide opportunity for return body mutilation, modification by death) rewards and demonstration of new procedures punishment by parents or primary caregiver  Frequently believes  Enjoys playing with  Provide basic needs maintaining a illness/injury is punishment for some other children and safe environment real or imagined making friends  Avoid words that might be scary misdeed  May have fears, for  Fears loss of body  Provide reassurance that painful example about being integrity separated from procedures are not punishment, parents or being explain any expected pain  Enthusiastic, asks injured  Safety- ensure protected questions and acts on impulse environment, bicycle helmet, seat belt, and car seat as appropriate  Imitates adults - role playing