Africa Innovations Institute Cassava: Adding Value for Africa
Report period: Apr 2011 to Mar 2012 Francis O. Alacho, C:AVA Country Manager, Uganda
C:AVA Uganda key milestones • 2,592 farmers benefitting by an average of $102 per year. • 2,398 farmer processors benefitting by an average of $125 per year. • 792 t of cassava grits/HQCF produced with consistent quality. • 792 t of cassava grits/HQCF purchased by end ‐ user industries.
Cumulative beneficiary targets: Sn Beneficiary category Target Achieved Achieved (%) 1. Farmers 2,592 3,188 108 2. Farmer processors 2,398 2,463 103
Beneficiaries segregated by sex Sn Farmer category Female (%) Male (%) 1. Farmers 55 45 2. Farmer processors 57 43
HQCF/cassava grits production (tons) (April 2011 to March 2012) Sn Intermediary Cassava Gari Tapioca (Association) grits/HQCF (t) 1. PATA 284.9 42 2 2. EAPPA/SOSPPA 416.9 ‐ ‐ 3. P’KWII 103.5 ‐ ‐ Total 805.3 42 2
HQCF/cassava grits production (tons) (April 2011 to March 2012) 103.5 284.9 PATA EAPPA P'KWII 416.9
Annual industry HQCF market demand Industry Actual Estimated annual Demand sales demand (MT) met (%) Biscuits 2 2,400 0.08 Paperboard 177 2,400 7.4 Rural bakeries 275.1 1,200 22.9 Agri ‐ foods 388.9 600 64.8 Total 805.3 6,600 12.2
Potential HQCF market demand met
Pricing of cassava products
Price trends for wheat & HQCF
Fuel prices vs dollar exchange rates
Price trends of HQCF vs Fresh tubers
UNBS lab test results Test Parameter Test result Specs Status SOSPA PATA Sample 0041 Sample 0042 Sample Sample 0040 0043 Total plate count (cfu/g) 44,000 44,000 62,000 11,000 100,000 Pass (max) Total coliforms (MFN/g) >1,100 3 240 3.6 NA Pass Escherichia coli (MPN/G) <3 <3 <3 <3 <1 (cfu/g) Pass Salmonella Not detected Not detected Not Not Shall be Pass detected detected absent Yeast and moulds (cfu/g) 4,100 900 2,600 2,400 500 (max) Fail Moisture content (%m/m) 12.4 11.3 10.8 10.6 13.0 (max) Pass Total ash (%m/m on dry basis) 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.4 3.0 (max) Pass Acid insoluble ash (%m/m on dry basis) 0.09 0.1 0.1 o.29 0.35 (max) Pass Flavours & odours Normal Normal Normal Normal normal Pass Filth Absent Absent Absent Absent absent Pass Living insects Absent Absent Absent Absent absent Pass
Observations • Women tend to experiment more?. • Women tend to take on new innovations faster ?. • Women are also the majority members in the groups. • Traditionally women process cassava
More observations • In PATA the largest producer is a woman for both HQCF and exclusively gari, tapioca and starch for a niche market. • Women also dominate the small baking industry based on HQCF. • Bulk of HQCF produced by executive committee male members of associations who purchase from both members and non ‐ members.
Success stories • Preference of cakes, doughnuts, mandazi, chapatti with HQCF to pure wheat by locals in eastern Uganda (customer is king). • Increased visibility ( TV Dec and Feb 2012, FM radios). • Attracted visits from Somalia, Rwanda, South Sudan, Local & central governments.
Trainees during baking course (Dec 2011) Sn Category Number trained 1. PATA 43 2. EAPPA 44 3. P’KWII 44 4. Women (%) 58.7 5. Men (%) 41.3 6. Rural bakers 16 (12.2 %)
Training in baking using HQCF
HQCF/cassava grits sales markets (t)
Sales by processing sites
Model rural HQCF processing site at PATA showing selected features
Selected features in a model HQCF processing site.
Rural enterprises based on HQCF value chain • Event management (wedding cakes, graduation cakes, tents, chairs). • Harvesting fresh tubers. • Peeling, water, washing, grating, drying, bagging. • Milling. • Fabrication workshop at Soroti. • Mobile equipment repair and maintenance workshop. • Transport by ox carts & buses.
Mrs Zainabu Akol’s story Zainabu feeds Zainabu in turkeys she her cassava bought with garden cassava sales Zainabu in Zainabu with her orange cattle she garden with bought from manure from orange sales livestock
Michael Ikara’s story (P’KWI farmer in Bukedea) Changes in the livelihood and agricultural practices Narration of captions Ikara plants in rows & weeds Ikara’s dwelling promptly at house before recommended C:AVA project spacing Ikara has sold Ikara in his Ox ‐ over 6 t of HQCF weeded cassava and has garden using constructed a “magic plough” dwelling house
Joseph Engwedu’s SME story ( owner of Josa investments, baker of Fena bread ) Extract from SME focus New Joseph Engwedu with Mrs Vision Feb 23 rd 2012 Ekinyu “I was surprised by the delicacy of bread I made with the partial substitution of HQCF, now I know that using HQCF will ultimately widen my market base”
Eugene Ekinyu’s story
Eugene Ekinyu story (extract from New vision, January 12 th 2012 page 30, under “Growing business”) He has so far sold over 45 tons of HQCF and said…. ”I have managed to educate my children. Other members of the association have been able to construct iron sheet ‐ roofed homes and educate their children, while others have bought land to expand their farms”
Merab Apiny an emerging baker Merab Apiny a baking course trainee who has initiated a mini ‐ bakery in Soroti town
More Achievements • Farmer processors/Associations attended Agricultural shows e.g World food programme show at Serere P’IKWI was best exhibitor, Jinja show. • Training by Uganda National Bureau of standards (UNBS) and Ministry of Trade, Tourism and Industry (MTTI) on hygiene and sanitation.
P’KWI innovations
Development of East African Cassava and sweetpotato standards • National consultation for East African standards for cassava and sweetpotato, Kampala, March 28 ‐ 30 th 2012 (AfrII/C:AVA, UNBS, Britannia, Makerere, CIP). • Regional harmonisation meeting at Arusha April 2 ‐ 4, 2012 (AfrII/C:AVA, Britannia, UNBS, Makerere, CIP to participate). • ASARECA the coordinator and convener. • One of the standards is specifically for HQCF.
Challenges Challenge How it has been addressed Governance ‐ Involved the District Commercial Officers and Health of and Environmental Officers to help streamline the associations operations of associations as per legal requirements. • Equity. • Prepared HQCF production rosters involving all groups having time ring ‐ fenced. • Most paid labour is by women. • Slow pace • Agreed with Britannia to carry out own quality audit. of UNBS • Need to use results from other labs e.g UIRI, certification. Makerere and NRI. • Lobbying and advocacy for policies favourable to small scale processors.
Challenges encountered Challenge How it has been addressed CBSD. ‐ Farmers advised to plant Migyera (NASE 3, 4271, NASE 1 ). ‐ Partnering with research to verify durable field tolerance of new varieties e.g 4271. Competition ‐ HQCF is sold in bulk and has a constant upward price. of price with ‐ Negotiating with end ‐ users to increase the prices. local cassava ‐ High price of local Cassava chips increases profitability chips to farmers. Labour and ‐ Provided oxen and ox ‐ carts. capital ‐ Process using unpaid group labour except for fuel and intensive equipment operations and association commissions.
Challenges continued Challenge How it has been addressed Reliance on ‐ Maximised processing during Dec ‐ March dry weather period with 2 to 3 rounds of sundrying per day. ‐ Trained farmers in Gari processing to convert HQCF that ferments.
Lessons learnt • Sun drying is a viable cost ‐ effective drying method for cassava grits. • Pays to have several market segments. • Small scale HQCF processors can support HQCF value chain but would need adequate & sustained coordination and quality control mechanisms.
Strategy for sustainability, intensification & scaling out • AfrII is promoting a buy ‐ in and mainstreaming of development of HQCF value chains in the development plans of public agencies. • Thru Concept notes and MOUs. • Ministry of Finance Planning and Economic Development (MFPED) import substitution and youth employment. • Uganda Industrial Research Institute (UIRI) Technology Incubation Centre.
Strategies • NAADS to support HQCF value chain in Kole and Soroti. • Higher and Local governments using Northern Uganda Social Action Fund (NUSAF) funds to scale out HQCF value chain in Oyam district. • Non ‐ governmental organisations such as World Food programme (WFP), World vision, FAO, Africa Farm Radio to scale out HQCF processing in Soroti. • Ministry of Agriculture Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF) Seed system strategy to manage CBSD. • This calls for a cassava innovation platform.
Strategies cont’d • Involve the private sector agencies in the production of HQCF. • Strengthen the current associations in terms of resource mobilization, networking, business skills, marketing and institutional development and develop an exit strategy as they transform from welfare to commercial entities.
Sights of Uganda
Thank you
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