Africa Chapte Chapters 21, 22, 23, rs 21, 22, 23, & 24 & - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Africa Chapte Chapters 21, 22, 23, rs 21, 22, 23, & 24 & 24

Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 2

Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 3

Modern Language Families Of Africa Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 4

North Africa • North Africa stretches from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea. • It consists of: – Egypt – Algeria – Libya – Morocco – Tunisia Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 5

North Africa Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 6

Natural Environment • The Sahara is the world’s largest desert. – Covers 3.5 million square miles (roughly the size of the U.S.) – high winds and seas of sand called erg’s. • In the Sahara the Nile River runs north to the Mediterranean through Egypt. • This creates a vegetated region along the Nile. Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 7

Natural Environment • Egyptian cotton has become a large part of the economy. • Most of Egypt, Algeria, and Libya are desert. • Tunisia has a milder climate. • Oil & Natural gas are located in all of North Africa. • Libya has the largest reserves Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 8

Sahara Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 9

Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 10

Nile River Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 11

https://www.youtube.com/wat ch?v=hbjWnjkLB4M Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 12

https://www.youtube.com/watc h?v=hfgPm4sV0uA Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 13

History & Culture • By 3000 BC a great civilization grew along the Nile River and its Delta in Egypt • Series of kingdoms ruled by monarchs called Pharaohs. • Egyptians built great pyramids as monuments that still stand today. • Egyptian power weakened and foreigners (Phoenicians, Greeks, & Romans) began to control North Africa. Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 14

Ancient Egypt Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 15

Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 16

Pyramids Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 17

Khafre Giza, Egypt Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 18

Khufu Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 19

Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 20

Ramesses Temple, Egypt Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 21

Hieroglyphs Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 22

Rosetta Stone Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 23

https://www.youtube.com/watch ?v=TWaReNkjTLk&nohtml5=Fal se Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 24

History & Culture (Cont.) • 600’s AD Arab armies conquered North Africa (they brought in the Islamic culture.) • Cities grew rich selling gold, ivory, spices, and slaves. • Until late 1800’s the Ottoman Empire ruled North Africa. • 1882 Great Britain took control of Egypt in order to gain control of the Suez Canal. Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 25

Cairo Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 26

Ottoman Empire Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 27

Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 28

Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 29

Suez Canal Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 30

Suez Canal Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 31

History & Culture (Cont.) • 1952 a group of Egyptian military officers led a revolution that brought Independence to Egypt. • 1962 Algeria gained independence from France through a war. • Libya became a socialist republic in 1969 following a military coup by Mu’ammar Gadhafi. • Most North Africans are Muslims, but Jewish & Christian minorities exist. Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 32

Mu’ammar Gadhafi Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 33

North Africa Today • Oil & Natural gas are the backbone of the Algerian & Libyan economies. • Libya is the only country in North Africa that does not have a strong farming sector. – Libya must import 75% of its food • Tourism is important to Egypt, Tunisia, & Morocco. • Islamic fundamentalists believe that government should be based strictly on Islam. Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 34

West and Central Africa Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 35

West and Central Africa The Congo and the Niger are two of Africa’s major river systems. • The Sahara desert extends into northern Niger, Mali and Mauritania. • The Sahel is a semi-arid region along the southern edge of the Sahara. • The Sahara is slowly expanding southward because of a combination of droughts and a growing population in the Sahel. Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 36

Niger River System Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 37

Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 38

The Congo Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 39

Mountain Gorilla Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 40

Baboon (mandrill ) Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 41

Gelada monkeys Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 42

• West African black • rhino Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 43

Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 44

Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 45

Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 46

Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 47

Western and Central Africa • Great kingdoms once ruled large areas of West and Central Africa. (Ghana, Mali, Songhai) • Islam spread to this region among trade routes. • European explorers found their way to this area in the 1400’s while searching for a water route to Asia. Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 48

Western and Central Africa • The demand for slaves in the world’s colonies changed the focus of trade from gold to slaves. • Most slaves came from areas between what are now Senegal and Angola. • From the 1500’s to the 1800’s Europeans and Africans traded at least 10 million slaves through this area. • This vastly changed the area in many ways. – 1. The coastal states that traded slaves for guns got the upper hand on the interior states. – 2. It disrupted entire societies and families. Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 49

Slavery in Central Africa Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 50

Western and Central Africa • By the mid 1800’s the slave trade was coming to an end. • During this time West and Central Africa quit subsistence farming and began working for wages. • In 1957 Ghana became independent; by 1976 all African countries in this region were independent. • Because rival ethnic groups had to share power this caused serious political rivalries in the new countries. Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 51

Western and Central Africa • West and Central African societies are very diverse. • Africa has three major cultural influences. – African cultures – European cultures – Islam • Most of the languages spoken here belong to the Niger-Congo language family. Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 52

Western and Central Africa • English and French are the lingua franca . • Islam is the main religion in the Sahel, however many Christians live in the south. • Literacy rates are generally very low. • West and Central Africa is a region of developing countries. • Most of these countries depend heavily on only a few major exports. Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 53

Western and Central Africa • West and Central Africa face many challenges today: – Economic development – Growing population, lack of infrastructure to support it. – War and conflicts (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Liberia, and Sierra Leone) – Destruction of their natural environment. – Disease spreads rapidly (HIV and Ebola) Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 54

Ghana • Mali – Dogoon Village • Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 55

The Mosque of Djenne - Mali Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 56

A Pygmy family - Central African Republic Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 57

Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 58

East Africa Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 59

East Africa • East Africa’s major river is the Nile, which flows northward through the Sudan. • The Nile has two sources: – The White Nile (from Lake Victoria and Albert) – The Blue Nile (starts in the Ethiopian highlands) Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 60

Where the Blue Nile (bottom) and the White Nile (top) meet Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 61

Mt Kilimanjaro- Tanzania Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 62

Ngorongoro - Tanzania Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 63

East Africa • Weather is often unpredictable in East Africa. • The Serengeti Plain holds many safari animals: giraffes, lions, wildebeest, and zebras to name a few. • The tsetse fly keeps human populations away from the large savannas that hold these animals. – (The tsetse fly carries a disease called sleeping sickness that only affects humans.) • East Africa in general is not rich in energy or mineral resources and most soils (dry lands) have too much salt and lime to be used. Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 64

tsetse fly Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 65

Sunrise on the Serengeti Plain Africa (Chp 21, 22, 23, and 24) 66