June 9, 2020 Advancing Access & Engaging Equity in Community Colleges Towards Racially Just Student Experiences and Outcomes Sponsors & Hosts The GradCenter: gradcenter.org • Office of Graduate Studies, Western Illinois • University: wiu.edu/graduate_studies College Student Personnel Graduate • Program, Western Illinois University: wiu.edu/csp 1
June 9, 2020 Q & A Polling Chat Box Laila McCloud 2
June 9, 2020 ADVANCING ACCESS & ENGAGING EQUITY IN COMMUNITY COLLEGES Towards Racially Just Student Experiences and Outcomes Featuring Eboni M. Zamani-Gallaher 3
June 9, 2020 Maltreatment Foster Care Reports www.occrl.Illinois.edu an initiative of 4
June 9, 2020 Please indicate if you are community college personnel? If you are not employed at a community college, do you feel you have been adequately exposed to career opportunities in two-year institutions of higher learning? Maltreatment Foster Care Reports Have you ever attended a community college (e.g., took a general education course, attended part-time, was a full-time cc student, transfer or graduate of a cc)? Maltreatment Foster Care Reports 5
June 9, 2020 Met All 4 Benchmarks 26% English 59% Science 36% Maltreatment Foster Care Reports Reading 45% Math 39% Maltreatment Foster Care Reports 6
June 9, 2020 Maltreatment Foster Care Reports Maltreatment Foster Care Reports 7
June 9, 2020 Roughly how many students attend American community colleges? 5 mil, 7 mil, 10 mil, 12mil Community colleges are the institutions of choice for racially minoritized students. True or False Approximately what percentage of community Maltreatment Foster Care college students are first-generation collegians? Reports 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% Maltreatment Foster Care Reports 8
June 9, 2020 Problem Statement White 45% Hispanic 26% Black 13% Asian/Pacific Islander 6% Native American 1% Two or more races 4% International Students 2% Unknown 4% Female 57% Male 43% Average Age 28 120 100 80 60 40 Maltreatment Indicated Foster Care Reports Cases 20 0 Research University Doctoral University Liberal Arts Community College White Black Hispanic Asian/PI Am Indian 9
June 9, 2020 In the field, community colleges are often at the margins of the discourse regarding trends, campus climate, and experiences of collegians. The voices and stories of people of color, women, persons with disabilities, the poor and so forth have traditionally been on the margins of published research; that which has been done has largely focused on the four-year context not two-year sector. Maltreatment Foster Care While community colleges have long embraced Reports enrichment, personal and professional development of diverse students, like their four-year counterparts, not all two-year colleges have been proactive or progressive in incorporating the concerns and issues facing today’s racially minoritized students. Vertical transfer When a student completes requisite lower division coursework for a major at the community college level and then transfers (either with or without an Associate of Arts or an Associate of Science degree) to a baccalaureate-granting institution to complete the major with upper division coursework with the goal of receiving a Bachelor of Arts or a Bachelor of Science degree (Townsend, 2001). Lateral transfer When a student transfers between two baccalaureate-granting institutions or community colleges. For instance, they leave one baccalaureate-granting institution to attend another baccalaureate-granting institution with the aim of not losing any credits or classes as they transfer between the two institutions. This is more common and often better facilitated if the two institutions are in the same system (such as large systems including the City University of New York or the State University of New York system; Maltreatment Foster Care the California State University or University of California system; or the University of Texas system) but can also occur across state Reports boundaries (Taylor, 2016). Reverse transfer When a student either is enrolled at a baccalaureate-granting institution but returns or concurrently takes classes at a community college. This can also apply to students who did not receive an associate degree when transferring to the baccalaureate-granting institution and then by taking the requisite coursework for their major at the university level they can retroactively receive their two-year degree (Taylor, Bishop, Makela, Bragg, & Ruud, 2013). 10
June 9, 2020 There are fewer community colleges today than there were 20 years ago? True or False There is no difference between reverse transfer and credit when it is due? True or False Transfer receptive cultures are the responsibility of Maltreatment Foster Care four-year institutions. True or False Reports Transfer : When a student transfers from one institution to another with the aim of transferring their credits earned at the previous institution. Transfer can take on many forms across many institutional types including vertical, reverse, lateral, and dual credit transfer. Transfer Receptive Culture : An institutional commitment by a university to support community college students to transfer successfully—that is, to navigate the community college, take the appropriate coursework, apply, enroll, and successfully earn a baccalaureate degree in a timely manner. A transfer receptive culture is grounded in critical race theory in education centering the experiences of race and racism in the vertical transfer process. Maltreatment Foster Care Reports Transfer Sending Culture : An organizational culture at the community college level that standardizes the transfer process so that students who aim to transfer vertically to a baccalaureate-granting institution will be able to do so in a timely and efficient manner. (Jain, Bernal, & Herrera, 2020) 11
June 9, 2020 Student Affairs and Support Services Student Campus Structural Climate Success Processes Maltreatment Foster Care Reports Curriculum Pedagogy Maltreatment Foster Care Reports 12
June 9, 2020 Maltreatment Foster Care Reports Maltreatment Foster Care Reports During the 2013-2014 academic year 46% of students who completed a bachelor’s degree enrolled at a community college during some point in the past 10 years (The National Student Clearinghouse Research Center, 2015) 13
June 9, 2020 Maltreatment Foster Care Reports The equity lens includes exploring disaggregated data by student subpopulations Museus, Ledesma,and Parker (2015) define racial equity as a systemic assessmentof how racially equitable systems uplift and increase access and opportunity for historically minoritized people of color are equally ingrained into the academic and social practices, policies, and structures of an institution. ● Institutions are not race-neutral ● Racial inequality is inherently in organizations ● Racial structures that reproduce or challenge racialization Maltreatment Foster Care Source: Ray, 2019 Reports 14
June 9, 2020 WHY RACE MATTERS: Rising Hatred and Hostile Racial Campus Climates www.occrl.Illinois.edu an initiative of WHY RACE MATTERS: CAMPUS HATE CRIMES DATA, 2016 Source: U.S. Department of Education, 2018 15
June 9, 2020 WHY RACE MATTERS: CAMPUS HATE CRIMES DATA, 2016 WHY RACE MATTERS: CAMPUS HATE CRIMES DATA, 2016 250 200 150 100 50 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Community Colleges 9 9 6 9 143 197 158 153 119 190 157 216 16
June 9, 2020 ACTIVITY To what extent are you perpetuating and/or being complicit in the pervasiveness of racially inequitable outcomes? Maltreatment Foster Care Reports 17
June 9, 2020 Maltreatment Foster Care Reports Maltreatment Foster Care Reports 18
June 9, 2020 Streamline transfer to enhance student mobility Responsibility for the transfer function and reform problems with credit portability. should not lie solely with the community colleges, as often the blame for lack of success in the transfer process is placed Establish more partnerships with MSIs in on community colleges. broadening participation of URMs and bolstering transfer and completion. Need a centralized credits review and tracking method (i.e., interstate) to Two and four-year institutions must be collect student level data regarding responsive and aggressive in addressing the role credits and which credentials and Maltreatment of transfer in producing upward mobility. Foster Care competencies align with credits Reports accrued. Access alone absent of other supports needed falls short of closing equity gaps, especially racialized inequities Equity means some students may need varied or additional supports for equality to be realized Community college open enrollment policies offer an accessible door to postsecondary study but fail to address structural impediments and alterations needed to keep students on pathways to a degree conferral Maltreatment Foster Care Reports 19
June 9, 2020 Disparities in higher education remain prevalent for communities of color, low-income populations and other marginalized/underserved populations despite great strides Revisit the roots of community colleges and reimagining community colleges as sites of equitable opportunity and outcomes Maltreatment Foster Care Reports Maltreatment Foster Care Reports 20
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