Adult Correctional Adult Correctional Recidivism Legislative Budget Board Criminal Justice Data Analysis Team y March 2012
Criminal Justice Data Analysis Team – Structure and Staff Members Michele Connolly Michele Connolly – Manager Manager Laurie Molina – Adult Data Analysis Jamie Gardner – Juvenile Data Analysis Ed Sinclair – Field and Qualitative Research Ed Sinclair Field and Qualitative Research Legislative Budget Board 2 March 2012
Criminal Justice Forum Logistics – Forum Parameters Diverse group of participants Diverse group of participants A learning opportunity for all Limited to a subject area Format: Format: 5 minutes for overview and orientation 45 minutes for presentation of policy issues, methodologies, and k key findings fi di 30 minutes for questions and answers Legislative Budget Board 3 March 2012
Criminal Justice Forum Ground Rules – Presenter Information Legislative Budget Board (LBB) staff g g ( ) LBB staff members are non-partisan Staff are not in a position to provide personal opinions Criminal Justice Data Analysis Team focus is on policy-oriented analysis policy oriented analysis Legislative Budget Board 4 March 2012
Agenda Agenda What is recidivism? What is recidivism? Why does LBB track it? How does LBB measure it? What does LBB know and how does Texas compare to What does LBB know and how does Texas compare to other states? Next Steps N t St Legislative Budget Board 5 March 2012
Most Recent Recidivism Report Most Recent Recidivism Report Statewide Criminal Justice Recidivism and Revocation Rates, January 2011 http://www.lbb.state.tx.us/PubSafety_CrimJustice/3_Reports/Recidivism_Report_2011.pdf On LBB Website: Legislative Budget Board 6 March 2012
Definition of Recidivism Definition of Recidivism In general terms, recidivism is defined as a return to g , criminal activity . Recidivism can be measured in terms of rearrest, reconviction, and/or reincarceration reincarceration. Recidivism, in a criminal justice context, can be Recidivism, in a criminal justice context, can be defined as the reversion of an individual to criminal behavior after he or she has been convicted of a prior offense sentenced and (presumably) corrected offense, sentenced, and (presumably) corrected. Maltz, Michael D. ([1984] 2001). Recidivism. Originally published by Academic Press, Inc., Orlando, Florida. Internet edition available at http://www.uic.edu/depts/lib/forr/pdf/crimjust/recidivism.pdf. Legislative Budget Board 7 March 2012
Characteristics of Measures Characteristics of Measures Measurable and Trackable Measurable and Trackable Comparability Type I Error – Include those who should be excluded Arrested and didn’t do it Arrested and didn t do it Type II Error – Exclude those who should be included Committed crimes but not caught Legislative Budget Board 8 March 2012
Recidivism Measure Continuum Recidivism Measure Continuum Least Restrictive Most Restrictive Legislative Budget Board 9 March 2012
Recidivism Standard Recidivism Standard A rearrest for a new separate offense that is punishable p p by confinement (i.e., Class B Misdemeanor and above) Time period of 1, 2, and 3 years Survival model that censors after first failure Legislative Budget Board 10 March 2012
Purpose of Recidivism Analysis Purpose of Recidivism Analysis Factor in developing recommended appropriation p g pp p amounts for criminal justice related programs Fiscal note Written estimate of the direct costs, savings, revenue gain, or revenue f loss that may result from implementation of a bill or joint resolution that increases or decreases correctional populations Criminal Justice Impact Statement Criminal Justice Impact Statement Written estimate of the increase or decrease in correctional populations that may result from implementation of a bill or joint resolution resolution Resource for staff (LBB, legislative, and state agency) Legislative Budget Board 11 March 2012
Recidivism as a Performance Measure in General Appropriations Act TDCJ Goal C.: Incarcerate Felons Three-year Recidivism Rate TDCJ Goal F.: Operate Parole System Releasee Annual Revocation Rate TDCJ Rider 52: Monitor Community Supervision Diversion Funds Diversion Funds Legislative Budget Board 12 March 2012
Background Background HB 2335, 71st Legislature, Regular Session, 1989 , g , g , directed the Criminal Justice Policy Council to conduct a study to develop uniform recidivism and revocation rates for all criminal justice agencies (March 1991) rates for all criminal justice agencies (March 1991). Criminal Justice Policy Council calculated and reported recidivism through January 2003. Legislative Budget Board began reporting adult Legislative Budget Board began reporting adult recidivism in January 2005. Legislative Budget Board 13 March 2012
What is the process for adults going through the Justice System? Individual Legend arrested and charged charged Decision Point/ Point of Discretion Sentenced to Sentence Case Incarceration Probated Dismissed D f Deferred d Prison State Jail Adjudicated Adjudication Released to Community Community Motion to Motion to Discharged Parole Discharged Supervision Supervision Revoke Adjudicate Supervision Completed Completed Parole Community Community Community Preliminary Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Hearing Completed Continued Revoked Adjudicated Parole Community Revocation Motion to Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Hearing Revoke Continued Completed Parole Parole Community Community Supervision Supervision Supervision Supervision Continued Revoked Continued Revoked Legislative Budget Board 14 March 2012
January 2005 Recidivism Report January 2005 Recidivism Report Felony Community Supervision Felony Community Supervision Revocations Revocation Rates R ti R t Prison Reincarceration Parole Supervision p Revocations Revocation Rates Legislative Budget Board 15 March 2012
Adult Correctional Populations for Recidivism Analysis January 2011 Texas Department of Criminal Justice - state agency p g y responsible for monitoring and distributing state funds to 121 local adult community supervision and corrections departments, operating adult correctional facilities, and supervising adults released to parole supervision i i Felony Community Supervision Revocations Revocations Revocation Rates Legislative Budget Board 16 March 2012
Adult Correctional Populations for Recidivism Analysis January 2011 Texas Department of Criminal Justice p Correctional Institutions Prison and State Jails Rearrest Rearrest Reincarceration Substance Abuse Felony Punishment Facility and In-Prison Therapeutic Community Reincarceration Parole Division Active Parole Supervision Revocation Revocation Rate Intermediate Sanction Facility Reincarceration Legislative Budget Board 17 March 2012
Felony Community Supervision – Overview y y The Texas Department of Criminal Justice – Community p y Justice Assistance Division provides funding and oversight of community supervision in Texas Community Supervision and Corrections Departments (CSCDs) supervise offenders 121 CSCDs in Texas, organized within judicial districts, serving 121 CSCDs in Texas, organized within judicial districts, serving 254 counties Case-based statewide tracking system for adult offenders under community supervision (Community Supervision Tracking System/Intermediate System) became the primary data source for population reporting purposes during fiscal year 2010 Legislative Budget Board 18 March 2012
Felony Community Supervision – Other Reports Addressing Information Gaps Addressing Information Gaps Texas Community Supervision Revocation Project: A Profile of y p j Revoked Felons during September 2005 http://www.lbb.state.tx.us/PubSafety_CrimJustice/3_Reports/Community_Supervision_Revocation_Report.pdf Texas Community Supervision Revocation Project: Fiscal Year 2006 Follow-up Study http://www.lbb.state.tx.us/PubSafety_CrimJustice/3_Reports/Community_Supervision_Revocation_2006_0107.pdf Texas Community Supervision Revocation Project: A Comparison of Revoked Felons during September 2005 and S September 2007 t b 2007 http://www.lbb.state.tx.us/PubSafety_CrimJustice/3_Reports/COMMUNITY_SUPERVISION_REVOCATION_PROJECT_2008_0808%20.pdf Legislative Budget Board 19 March 2012
Felony Community Supervision – Revocations y y Revocation – Community supervision may be revoked y p y and the offender maybe sentenced to imprisonment or confinement for violating conditions of supervision Technical Technical Non - Technical Revocation Rate – The number of felony revocations during a given fiscal year divided by the average felony direct supervision population for that same fiscal year direct supervision population for that same fiscal year Legislative Budget Board 20 March 2012
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