Active role of data centers in future energy systems Janne Paananen, Technology Manager, Eaton Oy Ilari Alaperä, Business Development Manager, Fortum Oyj
Data centers are consuming increasing amounts of energy. They consumed 416 TWh (or about 3% of the total global electricity production) in the year 2015¹. This consumption is expected to double every four years. 1: Independent, ” Global warming: Data centres to consume three times as much energy in next decade, experts warn”
Future energy system features: ● Security of Supply a limited resource ● Energy a non limited resource Germany Sweden Solar PV Merchant bid 36 €/MWh Germany 69 €/MWh Onshore Denmark Netherlands 50 €/MWh 55 €/MWh Jordan United States Offshore 55 €/MWh 39 €/MWh United States 40 €/MWh PV + Storage UAE Morocco 27 €/MWh 27 €/MWh Mexico India Peru 32 €/MWh Hawaii 44 €/MWh 33 €/MWh 100 €/MWh India Brazil 47 €/MWh 44 €/MWh Peru 43 €/MWh Argentina 53 €/MWh Chile South Africa 26 €/MWh Australia Argentina 58 €/MWh South Africa 62 €/MWh 54 €/MWh Current world-record 46 €/MWh Lowest recently announced long-term PPA contract prices and auction results, without subsidies 1 1 Announcements by the investing companies and IEA report ”Renewable Energy Medium - Term Market Report 2015” for US, Brazil, South Africa, Australia and Jordan. All values are reported in nominal euros. United States values calculated excluding tax credits. Typical contract lengths are 15-25 years. The prices indicate levels with which investors have been willing to invest, however, they may not describe the actual comparable costs as the bid prices may be reduced by preferential land prices, site exploration cost, targeted low-cost loans etc. For Sweden the price level at which investors can hedge their renewable production for the next 4 years: average of 2017-2020 electricity (LUL) + elcertificate futures with 29.8.2016 closing prices. Newest Abu Dhabi bids were 21,6 €/MWh but the producers get 1.6 times the payment during June - September and thus the actual average is 27 € /MWh. German offshore tender zero subsidy bids are fully merchant but exclude grid and development costs.
Key energy related features of data centers ● Consumes electricity, produces heat ● Good grid connections and location ● Stable, predictable consumption profile ● Build-in redundancy and flexibility
Excess heat from data centers can fed to district heating / cooling systems and used to provide heat to homes This creates value for the society and the data center operator
GRID GRID COMMONALITIES TRANSFORMER TRANSFORMER BETWEEN BESS AND DATA CENTER POWER SYSTEMS SWITCHGEAR SWITCHGEAR AC / DC AC / DC BATTERY BATTERY DC / AC CRITICAL LOADS
Infrastructure for ancillary markets: • UPS UPS as a Reserve • Batteries • Generators • Chillers Eaton 9395P : 1600 x ≈ 500 MW EMEA market ~167 kWh / MW ≈ 83 MWh
Modern UPS has capabilities to flexibly manage power between different sources: • From battery to grid and load • From battery and grid to load • From battery to load • From grid to load and battery • From grid to load This opens new possibilities for energy management and demand response with additional earnigns
”Svenska kraftnät anser att resultatet från testperiod 2, då UPS-systemet använde lokal styrning, möter Eaton 93PM as part of SvK pilot. kraven väl och visar att UPS-system har stor Operating as frequency containment potential att delta som resurs på svenska FCR-D- reserve for distrubance (FCR-D). marknaden. Med lokal styrning svarar UPS-systemet snabbt och korrekt på såväl stora som små Response to grid frequency with frekvensavvikelser. ” autonomous regulation, activation frequency set to 49,90 Hz. Source: Svenska Kraftnät; Slutrapport pilotprojekt inom förbrukningsflexibilitet och energilager, 2018-06-29
EXAMPLE Power consumption 10 MW x 8760 h = 88 GWh Electricity costs 88 GWh x 100 € / MWh = 8.8 M€ Grid support potential 150 k€ / MW¹ = 1.5 M€ 10 MW x Heat recovery potential 250 k€ / MW² = 2.5 M€ 10 MW x ~ 40 % savings in energy costs 1: Based on li-ion technology, 24 / 7 availability and FCR-N historical prices, available at www.fingrid.fi 2: Based on 24 / 7 availability and open district heating network purchase prices, available at www.fortum.com
Conclusions Datacenters should be closely integrated to energy systems, where they could play a significant role This will benefit the society, but also the data center operators and their customers
THANK YOU Come and talk to us and our experts at the stand, or contact us later ilari.alapera@fortum.com JannePaananen@eaton.com
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