ACR 3413 BASIC STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING 3 Lecture 1 Univers rsit - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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ACR 3413 BASIC STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING 3 Lecture 1 Univers rsit - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Sep 16, 2022 169 likes •576 views

ACR 3413 BASIC STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING 3 Lecture 1 Univers rsit ity y Putra a Malaysia ysia - Communication - Talk to Architect, M&E Engineer and Other Consultants of their Requirements Item Verti tical Load {V} Horizon zonta tal

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Univers rsit ity y Putra a Malaysia ysia

ACR 3413 BASIC STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING 3 Lecture 1

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  • Communication - Talk to Architect, M&E Engineer and Other

Consultants of their Requirements

  • Quality Control (QA) (V & H) - Do It All Again and Again

Item Verti tical Load {V} Horizon zonta tal Load {H} Conceptual Design TODAY’S LECTURE X Loading X X Scheme Design X X Analysis X X Design X X

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  • Communication - Talk to Architect, M&E Engineer and Other

Consultants of their Requirements

  • Conceptual Design (V & H)
  • Loading Estimation (V & H) (Hand, Spreadsheet, Commercial

Software)

  • Scheme Design (V & H) (Hand, Data Tables from Books)
  • Analysis (V & H) (Hand, Spreadsheets, Commercial Software)
  • Design (V & H) (Hand, Spreadsheets, Commercial Software)
  • Quality Control (QA) (V & H) - Do It All Again and Again
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Course Content Conceptual Design, Loading, Scheme Design, Analysis and Design Definitions Slab, Beam, Column / Wall, Foundations Conceptual Design Mechanism, Determinate and Indeterminate Structures Lessons from History Structural Failures

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  • Purpose of Structural Engineering

Purpose of Structural Engineering

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  • To ensure that the building / structure has sufficient strength

th to stand up safely

  • To ensure that the building / structure has sufficient stability

ty to stand up safely

  • To ensure that the building is servi

vicea eable

  • To ensure that the building structure is economic
  • mical
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Cantilever Beam Simply Supported Beam Continuous Beam Beams are usually straight horizontal members used primarily to carry vertical loads. Quite often they are classified according to the way they are supported.

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Column Holding horizontal members such as Beams Members that are generally vertical and resist axial compressive loads are referred to as columns.

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 Mecha

chanis nism: Unstable structure, as < 0.

 Sta

Statically tically Deter etermina nate te:

as = 0. The equilibrium equations provide both the necessary and sufficient conditions for equilibrium. When all the forces in a structure can be determined strictly from these equations.

 Sta

Staticall tically Indet ndeter ermina nate te : as > 0. Structures having

more unknown forces than available equilibrium equations aka Redundant.

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Statica cally lly Indet deter ermina inate e Struct ctures ures

  • Continuous Beam
  • Sub-Frame
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Statica cally lly Deter ermina inate e Struc uctures ures

  • Simply Supported
  • Cantilever
  • 3 Pinned Arch
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Mecha hanism nisms

  • Simply Supported + 1 Internal Hinge
  • Cantilever + 1 Internal Hinge
  • 2 Pinned Portal Frame + 2 Internal Hinges
  • Space Truss + 1 Internal Hinge
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Lesso sons ns From History ry

  • Simply Supported + 1 Internal Hinge
  • Cantilever + 1 Internal Hinge (Menara Unmo

Penang)

  • 2 Pinned Portal Frame + 2 Internal Hinges
  • Space Truss + 1 Internal Hinge
  • Other Reasons for Structural Failure (Incorrect

Loading, Foundation Failures, EQ Loads Too High, Metal Fatigue, Dynamic Resonance, Gas Blast, Bomb Blast, Aircraft Impact Etc)

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Lesso sons ns From History ry 1980 Hyatt Regenc ncy

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Lessons sons From History ry 1980 Kempe per r Arena na

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Lesso sons ns From History ry 1978 Hartfo ford rd Centre re Roof

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Lesso sons ns From History ry 2006 Bad Reichenhall chenhall, Germany any

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Lesso sons ns From History ry 2015 Canton

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Lesso sons ns From History ry

  • Provide redundancy (statical indeterminacy)

i.e. it has alternate load path

  • Avoid disproportionate collapse
  • Ensure safe method of failure
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Other Types of Structures - Truss:

  • Trusses consist of slender elements, usually arranged in

triangular fashion.

  • Loading

causes bending

  • f

truss, which develops compression in top members, tension in bottom members.

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Other Types of Structures - Cable and Arch:

  • Cables are usually flexible and carry their loads in tension.

They are commonly used to support bridges.

  • The arch achieves its strength in compression, since it has a

reverse curvature to that of the cable.

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Definitions

  • 1. Slab – Horizontal flat member supporting loads
  • 2. Beam - Horizontal member supporting slabs
  • 3. Column / Wall – Vertical member supporting

beams and/or slabs

  • 4. Foundations – Vertical member supporting

columns Conc nceptua ual Design

  • 1. Discretization of Physical Model - Mechanism /

Determinate / Indeterminate Structures Loading ng

  • 1. Load – externally applied load
  • mass - kg / tonnes
  • load – kN
  • pressure - kPa
  • 2. Dead load - externally applied v. DL (self-

weight)

  • 3. Superimposed dead load - externally applied v.

SDL

  • 4. Live load - externally applied v. LL
  • 5. NHL load - externally applied h. NHL
  • 6. Wind load - externally applied h. WL
  • 7. EQ load - externally applied h. EQ

Scheme Design

  • 1. RC Two-Way Slab With RC Beams
  • 2. RC One-Way Slab With RC Beams
  • 3. RC Flat Slab
  • 4. PT Flat Slab
  • 5. ST Composite Slab With ST Beams

Analys ysis

  • 1. ULS and SLS loading combinations
  • 2. Structural analysis - mathematics
  • 3. Force – internal distribution of effects
  • bending moment (kNm)
  • axial (kN)
  • shear (kN)
  • torsion (kNm)
  • 4. Deflections – externally displacements

Design

  • 1. ULS Capacity
  • Stress
  • normal (direct) stress
  • shear stress
  • 2. SLS Capacity