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Accuracy Enhancements of the 802.11 Model and EDCA QoS Extensions in ns-3 Timo Bingmann Decentralized Systems and Network Services Research Group Institute of Telematics, University of Karlsruhe February 6, 2009 Roadmap 1 ns-3 Basics

  1. Accuracy Enhancements of the 802.11 Model and EDCA QoS Extensions in ns-3 Timo Bingmann Decentralized Systems and Network Services Research Group Institute of Telematics, University of Karlsruhe February 6, 2009

  2. Roadmap 1 ns-3 Basics Introduction Showcase: Design Patterns Current State 2 Wifi in ns-3 State of 802.11 PHY Layer Signals, Noise and Interference Short Recapitulation of DCF QoS with EDCA 3 Conclusion

  3. 1 ns-3 Basics 1.1 Introduction ns-3 Introduction ns-3 is a discrete-event network simulator. intended to replace ns-2. not backwards compatible to ns-2. Timo Bingmann - 3/44 802.11 Enhancements in ns-3 University of Karlsruhe

  4. 1 ns-3 Basics 1.1 Introduction ns-3 Introduction ns-3 Goals Create tools aligned with needs of modern networking research. Work as open-source project with active community participation. Improve repeatability of results in research papers. Timo Bingmann - 4/44 802.11 Enhancements in ns-3 University of Karlsruhe

  5. 1 ns-3 Basics 1.1 Introduction ns-3 and ns-2 ns-3 is not based on ns-2: drop ns-2’s historic burdens. ns-3 is fully C ++ . Leverage up-to-date features of C ++ . Create optional language bindings like Python for interpreter frontends. Timo Bingmann - 5/44 802.11 Enhancements in ns-3 University of Karlsruhe

  6. 1 ns-3 Basics 1.2 Showcase: Design Patterns Design Patterns Utilize modern design patterns in C ++ : Object and attribute system. Smart Ptr<> automatic memory management. Callbacks to decouple modules. COM-like object aggregation and interface querying. Decouple trace sources from sinks. Requires advanced C ++ knowledge. Timo Bingmann - 6/44 802.11 Enhancements in ns-3 University of Karlsruhe

  7. 1 ns-3 Basics 1.2 Showcase: Design Patterns Design Pattern: Tracing Tracing needs vary greatly in different simulations. Send Trace Recv ns-2: Trace objects inserted as network elements. Fixed trace file format for further statistical processing. Not easily customizable to own experiment. Also available: queue monitors. Timo Bingmann - 7/44 802.11 Enhancements in ns-3 University of Karlsruhe

  8. 1 ns-3 Basics 1.2 Showcase: Design Patterns Design Pattern: Tracing TraceSink TraceSource Callback ns-3: pcap Writer Models export TraceSources. Examples: Node packet reception, 802.11 PHY state changes, TCP congestion window values. TraceSources can be connected to own callback functions or to predefined trace files generators for output in pcap/tcpdump format or ascii text. Timo Bingmann - 8/44 802.11 Enhancements in ns-3 University of Karlsruhe

  9. 1 ns-3 Basics 1.3 Current State Existing core ns-2 models Existing ns-3 Applications ping, vat, telnet, FTP, HTTP, OnOffApplication, probabilistic and trace-driven asynchronous socket API, traffic generators, webcache packet sockets Transport layer TCP (many variants), UDP, UDP, TCP SCTP, XCP, TFRC, RAP Multicast: PGM, SRM, RLM Network layer Unicast: IP, MobileIP, generic Unicast: IPv4, global static distance vector and link state, routing IPinIP, source routing Multicast: static routing MANET: AODV, DSR, MANET: OLSR DSDV, TORA, IMEP Link layer ARP, HDLC, GAF, MPLS, PointToPoint, CSMA, 802.11 LDP, Diffserv MAC low, high and rate MACs: CSMA, 802.11b, control algorithms 802.15.4 (WPAN), satellite Aloha. Physical layer TwoWayGround, Shadowing, 802.11a, Friis propagation OmniAntennas, EnergyModel, loss, log distance loss, basic Satellite Repeater wired (loss, delay) Core Support RNGs, tracing monitors, RNGs, unit tests, logging, mathematical support, test callbacks, mobility visualizer suite, animation (nam)

  10. 1 ns-3 Basics 1.3 Current State SLOC of ns-2.33 and ns-3.3 ns-2.33 ns-3.3 C/C ++ 162,208 58% C/C ++ 77,270 96% Python 1 Tcl 103,419 37% 2,906 4% Other 13,341 5% Other 58 0% Total 278,968 Total 80,234 1 excludes automatically generated code Statistics generated using David A. Wheeler’s ’SLOCCount’. Timo Bingmann - 10/44 802.11 Enhancements in ns-3 University of Karlsruhe

  11. 1 ns-3 Basics 1.3 Current State SLOC of ns-2.33 and ns-3.3 ns-2.33 ns-3.3 C/C ++ 162,208 58% C/C ++ 77,270 96% Python 1 Tcl 103,419 37% 2,906 4% Other 13,341 5% Other 58 0% Total 278,968 Total 80,234 802.11 6,067 2% 802.11 13,573 17% 1 excludes automatically generated code Statistics generated using David A. Wheeler’s ’SLOCCount’. Timo Bingmann - 10/44 802.11 Enhancements in ns-3 University of Karlsruhe

  12. 2 Wifi in ns-3 2.1 State of 802.11 UML of ns-2’s Wifi Classes Timo Bingmann - 11/44 802.11 Enhancements in ns-3 University of Karlsruhe

  13. 2 Wifi in ns-3 2.1 State of 802.11 UML of ns-3’s Wifi Classes Timo Bingmann - 12/44 802.11 Enhancements in ns-3 University of Karlsruhe

  14. 2 Wifi in ns-3 2.1 State of 802.11 Thesis Goals Goals ns-3 wireless simulations give equal or accountably different results like equivalent ns-2 simulations. Extend ns-3 with EDCA for 802.11e QoS. Timo Bingmann - 13/44 802.11 Enhancements in ns-3 University of Karlsruhe

  15. 2 Wifi in ns-3 2.1 State of 802.11 Modelling 802.11 in ns-3 MAC MacHigh DcfManager DcaTxop MacRxMiddle StationManager Queue MacLow PHY InterferenceHelper WifiPhy ErrorRateModel Medium WifiChannel PropagationLossModel Timo Bingmann - 14/44 802.11 Enhancements in ns-3 University of Karlsruhe

  16. 2 Wifi in ns-3 2.2 PHY Layer State of 802.11 in ns-3 PHY layer: − Currently only 802.11a rates supported. − No simulation of capture effect. − No Nakagami propagation loss model. + BER/PER reception criterion. Timo Bingmann - 15/44 802.11 Enhancements in ns-3 University of Karlsruhe

  17. 2 Wifi in ns-3 2.2 PHY Layer PHY Layer Goal: compatibility with ns-2 WirelessPhyExt. Required components PowerMonitor for cumulative noise SINR reception criterion Capture effect Nakagami propagation loss model Timo Bingmann - 16/44 802.11 Enhancements in ns-3 University of Karlsruhe

  18. 2 Wifi in ns-3 2.3 Signals, Noise and Interference Signals, Noise and Interference Power Time Power Time Timo Bingmann - 17/44 802.11 Enhancements in ns-3 University of Karlsruhe

  19. 2 Wifi in ns-3 2.3 Signals, Noise and Interference Signals, Noise and Interference Power Time Power Time Timo Bingmann - 18/44 802.11 Enhancements in ns-3 University of Karlsruhe

  20. 2 Wifi in ns-3 2.3 Signals, Noise and Interference Signals, Noise and Interference Power (dBm) Power (dBm) -80 + -90 -100 -100 Time Time Power (dBm) -80 -90 -100 Time Timo Bingmann - 19/44 802.11 Enhancements in ns-3 University of Karlsruhe

  21. 2 Wifi in ns-3 2.3 Signals, Noise and Interference Signals, Noise and Interference Power (dBm) -80 -90 -100 Time SINR (dB) Signal SINR= Noise + Interference 20 10 0 Time -10 Timo Bingmann - 20/44 802.11 Enhancements in ns-3 University of Karlsruhe

  22. 2 Wifi in ns-3 2.3 Signals, Noise and Interference SINR Threshold SINR (dB) 20 10 0 Time Timo Bingmann - 21/44 802.11 Enhancements in ns-3 University of Karlsruhe

  23. 2 Wifi in ns-3 2.3 Signals, Noise and Interference SINR Threshold SINR (dB) 20 10 0 Time H PAYLOAD BPSK 5dB QAM-16 15dB QPSK 8dB QAM-64 25dB Timo Bingmann - 21/44 802.11 Enhancements in ns-3 University of Karlsruhe

  24. 2 Wifi in ns-3 2.3 Signals, Noise and Interference BER/PER Criterion SINR (dB) 20 10 0 Time H PAYLOAD t 0 t 1 t 2 t 3 t n �   � E b � 2 E b � � � BER BPSK = Q   N 0 N 0 Timo Bingmann - 22/44 802.11 Enhancements in ns-3 University of Karlsruhe

  25. 2 Wifi in ns-3 2.3 Signals, Noise and Interference Capture Effect Power (dBm) Power (dBm) -80 + -90 -100 -100 Time Time Power (dBm) -80 -90 -100 Time Timo Bingmann - 23/44 802.11 Enhancements in ns-3 University of Karlsruhe

  26. 2 Wifi in ns-3 2.3 Signals, Noise and Interference Capture Effect Power (dBm) -80 -90 -100 Time SINR (dB) 20 10 0 Time -10 Timo Bingmann - 24/44 802.11 Enhancements in ns-3 University of Karlsruhe

  27. 2 Wifi in ns-3 2.3 Signals, Noise and Interference Without Capture Effect SINR (dB) 20 10 0 Time -10 Receiver IDLE RX BUSY IDLE RxError Timo Bingmann - 25/44 802.11 Enhancements in ns-3 University of Karlsruhe

  28. 2 Wifi in ns-3 2.3 Signals, Noise and Interference With Capture Effect SINR (dB) 20 10 0 Time -10 Receiver IDLE RX RX IDLE RxError RxOk Timo Bingmann - 26/44 802.11 Enhancements in ns-3 University of Karlsruhe

  29. 2 Wifi in ns-3 2.4 Short Recapitulation of DCF Thesis Goals Goals ns-3 wireless simulations give equal or accountably different results like equivalent ns-2 simulations. Extend ns-3 with EDCA for 802.11e QoS. Timo Bingmann - 27/44 802.11 Enhancements in ns-3 University of Karlsruhe

  30. 2 Wifi in ns-3 2.4 Short Recapitulation of DCF Modelling 802.11 in ns-3 MAC MacHigh DcfManager DcaTxop MacRxMiddle StationManager Queue MacLow PHY InterferenceHelper WifiPhy ErrorRateModel Medium WifiChannel PropagationLossModel Timo Bingmann - 28/44 802.11 Enhancements in ns-3 University of Karlsruhe

  31. 2 Wifi in ns-3 2.4 Short Recapitulation of DCF Short Recapitulation of DCF Radio transmission using CSMA/CA: Carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance 802.11 has two carrier sense mechansims: physical - CCA_BUSY virtual - NAV (network allocation vector) Timo Bingmann - 29/44 802.11 Enhancements in ns-3 University of Karlsruhe

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