About the Semantic Web, Folksonomies & Users in Digital Cultural Heritage Bridging to the End-User Cultural Heritage Information Personalization Lora Aroyo Free University Amsterdam Technische Universiteit Eindhoven 27-03-2007 Departement Cultuur, Jeugd, Sport en Media van de Vlaamse overheid
URL Web link Resources and Links Web 1.0: URL
Web 2.0: Architecture of Participation � Blogging � Wikipedia � P2P � Wikis � From directory (taxonomy) � tagging (folksonomy) � Flickr � Del.icio.us � YouTube
Folksonomies � Folksonomies: � Folk ontologies � Not really ontologies � Simply property associations
Folksonomies
Flickr.com Search for content by tags Search Browse content by tags Browse Creates awareness which Creates awareness photos still need tagging
Del.icio.us Discover other people’s tags Discover Suggests Tags & & Suggests Recommends popular tags Recommends
YouTube.com Uses links between Structured Categories Structured Categories & User Tags User Tags
YouTube.com Uses links between Structured Categories Structured Categories & User Tags User Tags
Web 3.0: The Effect of Semantic Web � More structure � Shared vocabularies � Integrated collections (mappings) � Better search & browsing � Relational search � Facet browsers � Semantic annotations � Suggestions based on semantics � Experts & novices
Web 3.0: Typed Resources and Links ULAN Painting Dublin Core “ Woman with hat Woman with hat ” Henri Matisse Henri Matisse SF MOMA creator creator URL Web link URL
Principle 1: semantic annotation Description of web objects with “ concepts concepts ” from a shared shared vocabulary vocabulary
Principle 2: semantic search ape � Search for objects linked via concepts ( sem antic link) ( sem antic link) great ape � Use the type of type of sem antic link to sem antic link provide meaningful urang-utang presentation of the search results orange
Principle 3: multiple vocabularies or the myth of a unified vocabulary � In large virtual collections there are always multiple vocabularies In multiple languages � � Every vocabulary has its own perspective You can’t just merge them � � But you can use vocabularies jointly by defining a limited set of links “Vocabulary alignment” � � It is surprising what you can do with just a few links
Example “ Tokugawa Tokugawa ” AAT style/period AAT style/period SVCN period Edo (Japanese period) Edo Edo (Japanese period) Edo Tokugawa Tokugawa SVCN is local in-house thesaurus
Further in the Web 3.0: RDFa - Embedding RDF in XHTML � RDF: � too complex for the average web developer � requires duplication of content between the RDF and XHTML � RDFa: � more than simply tag a document � create relationships between entities in an XHTML document � without having to leave the context of that document � can be interpreted by RDF enabled tools � provides a simple way of encoding metadata into a document � eliminate the need for duplication � by embedding the descriptive relational characteristics directly in the element’s attribute set � allow s Sem antic W eb to m ove aw ay from being unachievable to being doable
RDFa: Added Value � RDFa Primer 1.0: http: / / www.w3.org/ TR/ 2007/ WD-xhtml-rdfa-primer-20070312 / � http: / / rdfa.info/ � � transfer structured data between web sites, e.g.: transfer structured data between web sites � event on a web page can be directly imported into into a � event on a web page user's desktop calendar calendar � license on a document can be detected detected and user � license informed of his rights automatically � � photo's creator, camera setting information, resolution, photo's creator and topic can be published as easily as the original photo itself, enabling structured search and sharing enabling structured search and sharing
Our Examples � MultimediaN e-culture project � Integrated cultural heritage collections Shared vocabularies � � NWO CHIP project � Personalized museum experience Integration of Web, Mobile & Museum � � NWO CHOICE project � Semantic annotations for Audio/ Visual archive Beeld & Geluid, Hilversum � � CHI Project � Semantic-based Access for Audio/ Visual archive Regional historic Centrum Eindhoven - RHCE � � http: / / www.rhc-eindhoven.nl/
E-Culture demonstrator http: / / e-culture.multimedian.nl � Part of large Dutch knowledge-economy project Multim ediaN � Partners: Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, CWI, Universiteit van Amsterdam, DEN, ICN � People: � Alia Amin, Lora Aroyo, Mark van Assem, Victor de Boer, Lynda Hardman, Michiel Hildebrand, Laura Hollink, Marco de Niet, Borys Omelayenko, Marie-France van Orsouw, Jacco van Ossenbruggen, Jos Taekema, Annemiek Teesing, Anna Tordai, Guus Schreiber, Jan Wielemaker, Bob Wielinga � Collections: � Artchive.com, � ICN � Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, � Dutch ethnology musea (Amsterdam, Leiden), � National Library (Bibliopolis)
16 Nov 2006 16 Nov 2006 Winner of the Semantic Web Challenge @ ISWC 2006
/facet browser /facet browser
/facet browser /facet browser
CHIP: Information Personalization http: / / www.chip-project.org � Part of the Dutch NWO CATCH program for continuous access to cultural heritage � Partners: Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, TU/ e, Telematica Institute � People : � Lora Aroyo, Rogier Brusee, Paul De Bra, Peter Gorgels, Lloyd Rutdlege, Natalia Stash, Yiwen Wang � Collections: � ARIA Rijksmuseum collection � Vocabularies: AAT, TGN, ULAN, IconClass � Scientific Goal � Personalization of Presentation & Navigation � Interactive User Modelling � Semantics-based User Interaction & Data Access
Domain Interactive UM + beliefs Ontologies Dialog Recommend Domain Topics Resource Recommender Recommend Artefacts Personalized Museum Tour
Rijksmuseum Amsterdam Data � ARIA � 750 artefacts � Website targeted � Current focus � Adlib � 50,000 artefacts � Curator targeted � Flash formats � Focus on document/ interface structure Website targeted �
Common Vocabularies � AAT � Styles � Periods � ULAN: artists � TGN: locations � Iconclass � Topics and Themes
CHOICE Project: http: / / ems01.mpi.nl/ CHOICE/ � Part of the Dutch NWO CATCH program for continuous access to cultural heritage � Partners: Beeld & Geluid, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Telematica Institute � People : � Veronique Malaisé, Hennie Brugman, Luit Gazendam, Lora Aroyo, Johan Oomen, Annemiek de Jong, Mettina Veenstra, Guus Schreiber � Collections: � Beeld & Geluid Audio/ Visual Archive � Vocabularies: GTAA, AAT, TGN, ULAN � Scientific Goal � Use context documents to generate candidate annotations � semi-automatic indexing process � Create a new environment for the documentalists � Browser for the in-house thesaurus
Other Examples & Events MuseoSuomi - Museum Finland semantic portal � http: / / www.museosuomi.fi/ � � http: / / www.hiit.fi/ node/ 199 Digital Semantic Content across Cultures � Paris, the Louvre May 4-5, 2006 � � http: / / www.seco.tkk.fi/ events/ 2006/ 2006-05-04- websemantique/ ProgrammeWebSem2006-05-02.pdf From Digitisation to Creating Cultural � Experiences eCulture Group of Salzburg Research � � http: / / www.ariadne.ac.uk/ issue41/ e-culture-rpt/
Perspectives � Basic Semantic Web technology is ready technology is ready for deployment � Web 2.0 facilities: � Involving community experts in annotation � Involving community experts in annotation � Personalization, myArt � Personalization � Social barriers Social barriers have to be overcome! � � “open door” policy � Involvement of general public = > issues of “quality” � Involvement of general public � Importance of using open standards open standards � Away from custom-made flashy web sites
Acknowledgements � CHIP project team Lora Aroyo, Rogier Brusee, Paul De Bra, Peter � Gorgels, Lloyd Rutdlege, Natalia Stash, Yiwen Wang � e-culture project team Alia Amin, Lora Aroyo, Mark van Assem, Victor de � Boer, Lynda Hardman, Michiel Hildebrand, Laura Hollink, Marco de Niet, Borys Omelayenko, Marie- France van Orsouw, Jacco van Ossenbruggen, Jos Taekema, Annemiek Teesing, Anna Tordai, Guus Schreiber, Jan Wielemaker, Bob Wielinga � CHOICE project team Veronique Malaisé, Hennie Brugman, Luit Gazendam, � Lora Aroyo, Johan Oomen, Annemiek de Jong, Mettina Veenstra, Guus Schreiber
You can contact me: � on the Web 1.0 http: / / www.cs.vu.nl/ ~ laroyo � l.m.aroyo@cs.vu.nl � � on the Web 2.0 � you can find me via Flickr, del.icio.us, YouTube, Second Life, Skype … � on the Web 3.0 (Semantic Web) � CHIP project http: / / www/ chip-project.org � e-culture project http: / / e-culture.multimedian.nl/ � CHOICE project http: / / ems01.mpi.nl/ CHOICE/
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