Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities Use Program and Facilities AALAS Continuing Education & AALAS Continuing Education & Professional Development Series • ALAT Ch. 21 – Rabbits • ALAT Ch 22 – Cats ALAT Ch. 22 Cats • LATG Ch. 13 – Common Diseases Dan Domer, DVM 4/28/10
Rabbits Rabbits Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
Rabbits www.arba.net American Fuzzy English Angora American Lop Dutch Netherland Dwarf American Sable Tan Dwarf Hotot American Chinchilla Californian Florida White Flemish Giant Lilac Palomino Checkered Giant Satin English Lop Silver Rhinelander Cinnamon Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
Rabbits Rabbits • Oryctolagus cuniculi Oryctolagus cuniculi • Breeds – New Zealand White New Zealand White – Dutch Belted Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
Rabbits Rabbits • Uses in research Uses in research – Atherosclerosis – Ophthalmology Ophthalmology – Antibody production – Cancer models Cancer models – Infectious disease – Diabetes mellitus Di b t llit Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
Rabbits Rabbits • Anatomy Anatomy – Ears • Vascular • Thermoregulation – Teeth • Peg teeth Peg teeth • Hypsodont – All teeth grow throughout life Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
Rabbits Rabbits • Anatomy Anatomy – Skeleton vs. muscle • Broken backs • Broken backs – Toenails • Wild vs Laboratory Wild vs. Laboratory – Feces • Pellets Pellets • Night feces – Vitamin B, protein – “Coprophagy” Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
Rabbits Rabbits • Anatomy Anatomy – Urine • Yellow to red-brown • Yellow to red-brown • Cloudy – Intestinal bacteria Intestinal bacteria • Transportation stress • Diet change • antibiotics Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
Rabbits Rabbits • Reproduction Reproduction – Does • Narrow head • Narrow head • Large dewlap • Sexing • Induced ovulation – Bucks • Large head • No dewlap Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
t Vent V Female Rabbits Rabbits Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities Male Vent
Rabbits Rabbits • Reproduction Reproduction – Mating • Doe goes to buck’s cage • Doe goes to buck s cage – Kits • sexing sexing Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
Rabbits Rabbits • Reproduction Reproduction – Nesting • Doe pulls her own fur to make a soft, warm bed for kits Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
Rabbits Rabbits • Restraint Restraint – Watch the BACK and EARS! – Scruff the nape of the neck Scruff the nape of the neck – Support the hind end Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
Rabbits Rabbits • Restraint Restraint – Devices • Restrainers • Restrainers • Restraint bags/cat bags Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
Rabbits Rabbits • Behavior Behavior – Active – Curious Curious – Chew cage cards – Posture Posture • Even weight distribution • Stretch when warm • Stretch when warm Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
Rabbits Rabbits • Behavior Behavior – Cage protection/aggression • Foot stomping • Foot stomping • Rearing and charging • Vocalization and urination • Actions to take: – Toss a towel on the rabbit » Might need a 2 nd towel 2 d Mi h d l – Gently take the rabbit from the cage Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
Rabbits Rabbits • Signs of pain distress illness Signs of pain, distress, illness – Subtle (prey animal) – Anorexia Anorexia – Lethargy – Tooth grinding Tooth grinding – Vocalizations – Pale mucous membranes P l b Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
Rabbits Rabbits • Husbandry Husbandry – 61˚-72 ˚F • Less fur shedding • Less fur shedding – Air filters – Room cleaning – Hairballs Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
Rabbits Rabbits • Husbandry Husbandry – Single housing Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
Rabbits Rabbits • Husbandry Husbandry – Group housing for females or juvenile males males Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
Rabbits Rabbits • Husbandry Husbandry – Change pans under cages 3+/week • Dried minerals � “urine scale" • Dried minerals � urine scale – Clean racks every 1-2 weeks – Monitor urine and feces Monitor urine and feces – Dump old feed before adding new feed – Feed according to rabbits weights Feed according to rabbits’ weights Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
Rabbits Rabbits • Husbandry Husbandry – Diet • pelleted feed • Fiber -- hay – Water • If they don’t drink, they don’t eat If the don’t drink the don’t eat Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
Rabbits Rabbits • Enrichment! Enrichment! – Carrots, kale, broccoli, other vegetables, fruit fruit Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
Rabbits Rabbits • Enrichment! Enrichment! – Plastic balls – Metal pendants on chains Metal pendants on chains – Nylon chew bones – Group housing Group housing Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
Rabbits Rabbits • Diseases Diseases – Pasteurellosis • Pasteurella multocida • Pasteurella multocida • Common • Some rabbits are carriers • Spread by aerosol or contact Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
Rabbits Rabbits • Diseases Diseases – Pasteurellosis • Symptoms – Discharge from nose & eyes – Head tilt – Genital infection – Abscess • Antibiotic success may be limited • Prevention – Buy from Pasteurella -free vendors d Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
Rabbits Rabbits • Diseases Diseases – Trichobezoar (hairball) • Common usually asymptomatic • Common, usually asymptomatic • Cause – too much grooming, not enough fiber? • If causes obstruction, results in: – Anorexia – Depression Depression – Possible death from starvation and metabolic disturbance Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
Rabbits Rabbits • Diseases Diseases – Trichobezoar • Treatment • Treatment – Mineral oil – Laxative – Roughage (fiber) – Surgery • Prevention Prevention – More fiber Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
Rabbits Rabbits • Diseases Diseases – Ectoparasites • Ear mites • Ear mites – Psoroptes cuniculi • Fleas • Fur mites – Cheyletiella parasitovorax – Listrophorus gibbus Listrophorus gibbus Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
Questions Questions • Q: In a rabbit what is the most Q: In a rabbit, what is the most common injury related to poor restraint? restraint? Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
Questions Questions • Q: In a rabbit what is the most Q: In a rabbit, what is the most common injury related to poor restraint? restraint? • A: A broken back (at the 6 th and 7 th 6 th d 7 th A A b k b k ( t th lumbar vertebrae) Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
Questions Questions • Q: Which of the following is NOT Q: Which of the following is NOT associated with Pasteurellosis? – A. head tilt A head tilt – B. nose discharge – C. lameness C lameness – D. genital discharge Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
Questions Questions • Q: Which of the following is NOT Q: Which of the following is NOT associated with Pasteurellosis? – A. head tilt A head tilt – B. nose discharge – C. lameness C lameness – D. genital discharge • A: A – C. lameness Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
Cats ( Felis cattus) Cats ( Felis cattus) Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
Cats Cats Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
Cats Cats • Anatomy Anatomy – Muscular – Agile Agile Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
Cats Cats • Anatomy Anatomy – Retractable claws claws – Purring – Male urine odor – Male urine odor • May persist after neutering Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
Cats Cats • Reproduction Reproduction – Tom • Penis scrotum • Penis, scrotum – Queen • Vulva Vulva • Polyestrous • Induced ovulation – Kittens • Anogenital distance Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
Cats Cats • Reproduction Reproduction – Mating • Paired • Paired • Harem Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
Cats Cats • Reproduction Reproduction – Neuter or Spay if not breeding • Decreased • Decreased – Spraying urine – Aggressiveness – Unwanted pregnancy – Pyometra Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
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