A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Envelopes A research project with the Air Barrier Association of America Inc. Presented by: Mr. Laverne Dalgleish
A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures Why is a air barrier needed?
A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures Hypothesis Air barrier systems should be incorporated in every building as they are cost effective by saving a significant amount of energy (in the range of 30% to 40%) and incorporating air barriers assist in solving moisture problems and indoor air quality problems, not create them
A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures How leaky are the average building? 9-10 L/(s·m²) @ 75 Pa across the US Cost effective to reduce the air leakage to between 0.75 L/(s·m²) @ 75 Pa Some propose 0.02 L/(s·m²) @ 75 Pa Current proposal is 2.00 L/(s·m²) @ 75 Pa Either way major improvements can be made
A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures Barriers Air barriers are new technology to most of the construction industry Energy savings although agreed to by most people, cannot be defended scientifically Estimation of air leakage of existing practices has not been confirmed
A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures Barriers Interaction of different air barrier materials is not understood Installation practices, although understood to be key, have not be researched to determine impact of improper installations Action of air leakage on moisture (liquid and vapor) has not been quantified
A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures Barriers Common comment is that we should not make buildings too tight Air tightness is blamed for mold and mildew problems Air tightness is blamed for indoor air quality problems
A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures Opportunities Current air barrier market is non-existent (less than 10% same say less than 1%) States have added or are considering adding air barrier requirements to their code Market growth expected to be exponential
A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures Challenges Air barrier industry needs to address these barriers and grow the industry through education or misconceptions will grow and could hamper or destroy the industry
Energy Savings Target Baseline Air-Leakage Air-Leakage NIST study establishes no relationship between any of these points Required Baseline Modifications Construction Construction Costs 10
A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures Challenges “Air Barriers cannot be dealt with without • understanding that they are part of a wall assembly ” ( or roof assembly, foundation assembly, etc.) N.B. Hutcheon ’s CBD-48 - Require remen ents ts for • Ex Exterio rior r Walls
A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures Key Properties (in order of importance) Moisture Liquid – Water Resistive barrier Air – Air barrier Heat – Heat barrier (Insulation) Moisture Vapor – Vapor barrier
A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures What is an Air Barrier? Depends on what are you talking about Air barrier in general Air barrier material Air barrier component Air barrier sub-assembly Air barrier assembly Air barrier system
A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures Types of Air Barrier Materials Self-Adhered Sheet Materials
A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures Types of Air Barrier Materials Fluid Applied Materials Liquid Applied Materials
A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures Types of Air Barrier Materials Fluid Applied Materials Medium Density (min 28 kg/m³) Spray Polyurethane Foam – Rigid Closed Cell
A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures Types of Air Barrier Materials Mechanically Fastened Boardstock Materials
A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures Types of Air Barrier Materials Mechanically Fastened Film Materials
A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures Types of Air Barrier Materials Thermofusable
A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures Air permeance Air that travels though a material Air leakage Air that goes around the material and travels through holes
A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures Air Barriers Stops the air flow through materials (air permeance) and through the holes (air leakage) A building will always have pressure differences, we cannot control that so we must control the holes
A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures Pressure differences are created by Wind
A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures Pressure differences are created by Stack effect
A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures Pressure differences are created by Mechanical equipment
ST STAC ACK K PRE RESSURE FAN AN PRE RESS SSURE RE WIND PRE RESS SSURE RE WIND PRE RESS SSURE RE ( UNDE DER SU SUCT CTIO ION ) ST STAC ACK K PRES RESSURE
Air Flow Hole CONDENSATION (at cold sheathing) AIR PATH Direction of Air Flow
A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures
A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures
A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures
A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures
A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures
A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures
A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures
A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures
A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures
A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures
A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures
A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures
A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures
A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures
A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures
A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures 42
A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures
A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures
A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures Meeting the Challenges and Addressing the Barriers A three year research project headed by the Air Barrier Association of America Inc. which includes industry members, US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge National Laboratories and Syracuse University.
A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures The Project Consists of 8 phases Project administration (reporting, project administration) Sub-system and wall characterization Material property characterization Laboratory wall testing Advanced moisture engineering modeling Exterior field testing of air barrier systems Wall optimization Information technology transfer, publications, etc.
Three critical competencies Lab Field Modeling 47
A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures The Project Project administration (reporting, project administration) All participants will be kept informed on the progress, the issues raised and discussion on solutions All information will be restricted to participants until there is agreement for part or all of the information to be released
A Technology Leap – Air Barrier Integration into Building Enclosures The Project Material property characterization Each of the participants shall submit materials to the project The research project covers self adhered membranes, fluid applied membranes and mechanically fastened membranes All materials shall meet the requirements to be an air barrier material [0.02 L(s·m²) @ 75Pa pressure difference] Materials shall be grouped after their characterization
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