Facilitated by the National Materials and Manufacturing Board, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences A Quadr drennia ial Revie iew of the Natio ional l Nanotec echn hnology ology Init itia iativ ive The report t can be found nd at: NAP.EDU DU/2 /25729 Nan anosci cience ence, , App pplic icat ation ions, , an and d Comme mmerci cial aliz izat ation ion Tuesd sday, June 9, 2020 from 1-2:30pm 0pm ET 2020
Orig igin ins of the e NNI In a January 2000 speech president Bill Clinton advocated the development of nanotechnology, at the California Institute of Technology ‘Some of our research goals may take twenty or more years to achieve, but that is precisely why there is an important role for the federal government.’ Image credit: AP 2
Orig igin ins of the e NNI President George W. Bush further increased funding for nanotechnology. On 3 rd of December 2003 Bush signed into law the 21st Centur ury y Nanot otechno chnolog ogy y Research ch and Developme ment nt Act. Public Law 108-153 Image credit: Brandi L. Schottel and Barbara Karn 3
The NN e NNI Toda day Today the NNI is a United States Government research and development initiative involving 20 agencies and departments working together toward the shared vision of developing - A futu ture e in which h th the abilit ility y to under derstand tand and d contr trol ol matt tter r at t the nanos th noscale cale leads ds to a revolu olutio tion n in technology nology and d indus dustr try that th t bene enefit its s society ty. https://www.nano.gov/about-nni 4
The NN e NNI Struc ucture ture and C d Coordi dination ion The NNI brings together the expertise needed to advance this very broad and complex field — creating ting a frame mework k for shared d goals, , pri riorit ritie ies, s, and stra rategies ies that helps each participating Federa ral l agency y leverage ge the resources es of all partic ticipa ipating ting agencies cies. . With the support of the NNI, nanotechnology R&D is taking place in acade demic, mic, govern rnme ment, nt, and indust ustry y labora ratories ries across the United States. The NNI is coordinated by the Nanoscale Science, Engineering, and Technology (NSET)* - a subcommittee of the National Science and Technology Council's (NSTC) Committee on Technology, under the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy. *Composed of representatives from the 20 Federal agencies and departments 5
202 020 0 Revie iew of the e NNI Pursuant to the 2003 21st Century Nanotechnology Research and Development Act The National Nanotechnology Coordination Office asked the National ional Academies demies of Scienc ences, es, En Engine neering, ering, and d Medicine icine to form an ad hoc review committee to conduct this quadrennial review of the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) 6
Statemen ement t of Task This qua uadrennia rennial l NNI NI revie iew addre resse ssed d the e follo lowing ng task sks: A. An Analyze yze the e relati tive e positi tion on of the e Un United ed States es compared to other nations with respect to nanotechnology R&D, including trends and developments in nanotechnology science and engineering and the identification of any critical research areas where the United States should be the world leader to best achieve the goals of the Program B. As Assess ss the e cur urren ent t state e of nanoscience and nanotechnology resulting from the NNI as authorized in 2003, including the current impact of nanotechnology on U.S. economic prosperity and national security. Based on this assessment, consider nsider if and how w the e NNI NI shou ould ld continue ntinue. If continuation is suggested, make e recomm commen endat dations ions regar ardi ding ng new w or revis ised ed Program ram goals, s, new w resear search ch areas s and techn hnica cal l priorit rities ies, , partner tnersh ship ips, s, coor ordi dinati nation on and mana nagem gemen ent t mechanis chanisms, ms, or programs grams to be establ ablis ishe hed d to achie ieve e these ese goals. s. 7
NNI NI Qua uadren renni nial al Revie iew w Comm mmitt ttee ee LIESL FOLKS, University of Arizona, Chair HAYDN WADLEY, University of Virginia, Vice Chair NICHOLAS L. ABBOTT, NAE, Cornell University OLIVER BRAND, Georgia Institute of Technology HAROLD CRAIGHAED, NAE, Cornell University MARIE D’IORIO, University of Ottawa TRAVIS EARLES, Lockheed Martin Corporation GRAHAM R. FLEMING, NAS, University of California, Berkeley TERI W. ODOM, Northwestern University RICARDO RUIZ, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory JO ANNE SHATKIN, Vireo Advisors MARK TUOMINEN, University of Massachusetts, Amherst Staff ERIK SVEDBERG, Study Director JAMES LANCASTER, Director, NMMB and BPA NEERAJ P. GORKHALY, Associate Program Officer AMISHA JINANDRA, Research Associate BETH DOLAN, Financial Associate JOE PALMER, Program Coordinator 8
Contribu ntributor ors s to the NNI I Qua uadrenni rennial al Revie iew The committee thanks the following for their contributions to this study and participation in the committee’s meetings: Antti J. Makinen, CIV USN CNR Lisa Friedersdorf, NNCO James Alexander Liddle, NIST Lloyd Whitman, NIST World Nieh, USDA Mihail C. Roco, NSF Alan Rudie, USDA Stephanie Morris, NIH Samuel Brauer, Nanotech Plus, LLC Anil Patri, FDA Celia Merzbacher, SRI Michael A. Meador, NASA Thomas A. Treye, U.S. CPSC OHIR Hongda Chen, USDA NIFA Peidong Yang, Berkeley Khershed Cooper, NSF Matthew Hull, Virginia Tech Paul Westerhoff, Arizona State University Chad Mirkin, Northwestern University Yan Borodovsky, retired Matt Laudon, TechConnect Hilary Godwin, University of Washington Orin Herskowitz, Columbia Technology Ventures Nathan S. Lewis, California Inst. Technology Waguih Ishak, Corning and Andre Nel, UCLA Emilie J. Siochi, NASA. Peter Dröll, Germany The commi mittee e is gratefull lly y to the reviewers of the repor ort Muhammad Alam (Purdue University), Jennifer Dionne (Stanford University), Michael Ettenberg, NAE (Dolce Technologies), Michael Liehr, (SUNY Polytechnic Institute), Henke E. Riel, (IBM Research), Matthew Tirrell, NAS/NAE (University of Chicago) And also Martin A. Philbert, NAM (University of Michigan) for his oversight of the review. 9
Preface eface • Nanotechnology is highly-interdisciplinary and has made transfor ormati mative e societal tal imp mpact acts. • Nanotechnology significantly contributes to the US high-technology economy, the nation’s security, to the health and to the prosperity of its citizens. • The US maintains a strong nanoscience and technology R&D program, but the global bal arena is increa easi singl ngly compe mpeti titi tive. • Program m coordi dina nati tion on is now critical in the current hyper-competitive global era. • In China, particularly, we see a robust st nationa onal R&D strategy egy that seeks to harvest the economic, medical, and national security benefits of the international nanotechnology R&D effort as quickly as possible. • Very large investments in state-of-the-art facilities and the allocation of substantial resources for the training and attraction of top international talent, is clearly intended to result in China’s leadership in nanotechnology . 11
Summary mary The highest est priority ty of this s report t is to provide de recomm mmenda ndati tions ns that t will restor ore e the US to the glob obal forefr front ont of nanot otechn echnol ology ogy-en enab abled ed advan ances ces in electr ctroni nics cs, health th care, clean n energy gy, food d producti ction, on, and clean an water and air, and to contribut tribute e to the robust ust defen ense se of U. U.S. . nation onal securit urity interes rests. ts. • A re redesign sign of the NNI with the goal of achieving a U.S. re resurg rgen ence ce in nanot otechn echnolog ology y is recommended. • The NNI should be restructured around these prioriti ties es: 1. Improve NNI alignment with the stated ed natio ional nal priorities ties for R&D. 2. Broaden NNI work to accel elerat erate e techno nology ogy tra ransf sfer er to relevant markets. 3. Strengthen state-of-the-art enabling R&D infrastructure astructure and expand domestic workfor orce ce education and training. • Engaging ging and partne nering ng with the nanoscience and technology community broadly will be vitally important if the US is to fully reap the societal benefits of nanotechnology. 12
Intr troduc oduction tion 13
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