A Potential Scenario for the Reference Quantum Mission 6 Government Use Only - Quantum Network - May 11 & 13, 2020
Q UANTUM I NFORMATION S CIENCE AND NIST D R . C ARL J. W ILLIAMS , D EPUTY D IRECTOR P HYSICAL M EASUREMENT L ABORATORY
PML’s Mission To set the definitive U.S. standards for nearly every kind of measurement employed in commerce and research. To be a world leader in the science of measurement, devising procedures and tools to revolutionize how measurements are made in every application.
NIST QIS Strategic Vision NIST will fulfill its mission in QIS through three coordinated efforts: • Foundational research emphasizing QIS Quantum SI: Foundational and Metrology Quantum Realization of Science and • Applied research to engineer and improve the Systéme Metrology Internationale the robustness of prototypes: Quantum Engineering • Realization and Dissemination of the units Quantum Engineering of measure: The Quantum SI These three activities form an interrelated and self- reinforcing system in which, for example, next-generation atomic clocks are engineered to be smaller and more robust and thereby enable tomorrow’s measurement services.
NIST Existing Joint Institutes Three collaborative institutes at two locations provide opportunities to: • Attract world class scientists • Train students and postdocs • Transfer technology
Quantum Economic Development Consortium QED-C Quantum Consortium Activities Competitive R&D And Industry Activities: Prototype Enabling QED-C is has Device Basic Application • De-risked STAGE & Components TRL: Component Prototypes Production R&D R&D components • been and Subsystems Development Equipment 5 1 4 • Robust 2 3 established in Fabrication & infrastructure Sales Understanding Exploiting & Create First Develop Efficient partnership Create Key Sub- • Common COTS Device • ACTIVITY: Physical Controlling of a Kind Common Purpose- Components & standards with SRI Manufacturing & Phenomena Phenomena Devices Devices/ T&E/ Driven Device • Testbeds Sales International Performance Stds. Designs/ T&E/ Stds. Full Quantum • Contact: Systems Deploy Quantum • joe.broz@sri.com Introduce New Public/Private Support: Systems at Utility EFFICIENCIES: Common Enabling Devices or Funding & Collaboration Scale Performance Standards celia.merzbacher Create Device COTS Device & @sri.com Production Equipment Systems Performance Standards Standards ENGAGED AMO Physics / Scientific Theory / R&D / Materials DISCIPLINES: T&E / Engineering Design & Development NIST was tasked in the NQI to establish a consortium whose goal is to build the supply chain for the future quantum economy
Quantum Information Science in a Nutshell Quantum information science (QIS) exploits unique quantum properties such as coherence, superposition , entanglement , and squeezing to acquire , transmit , and process information in ways that greatly exceed existing capabilities. QIS is a field of scientific inquiry in its own right, with applications in: • sensing and metrology: precision navigation, timekeeping, magnetic fields, … NIST’s • communication: secure data transmission and storage, random number QIS generation, … Program • simulation: complex materials, molecular dynamics, QCD, … covers all • computing: cryptanalysis, quantum chemistry, optimization, quantum field of this theory, … and robust intellectual connections to numerous areas of basic research. NIST’s formal QIS program is now 20 years old and first paper dates to 1992
Why NIST was Positioned in QIS • Extensive background in • Coherent manipulation of atoms and ions for clocks (power of a single qubit) • Superconducting electronics for Josephson Voltage Systems • Only National Measurement Institute (NMI) to ever close the electrical metrology triangle (V=IR or Ohm’s Law) at a few parts part in 10 7 – Single electron transistors (SETs) • Achieved more than 20 years ago and abandoned 15 year ago because it was too hard and not competitive with direct approaches (for a recent review see H. Scherer et al., Meas. Sci. Technol . 23 , 124010 (2012)) • In the next few years several other NMIs may duplicate and improve – on this 20 year old result • NIST is reinvesting in SETs in Si that should not have the charge offset noise problem in the Al SETs used 20 years ago • A long history of manipulating quanta and quantum objects
The Power of One Quantum Bit 1 second is defined as the duration of • Optical frequency standards have shown better fractional 9,192,631,770 cycles of the cesium uncertainty since 2005 hyperfine transition. • Possible redefinition of time being discussed for 2026 NBS-1 Optical Frequency 10 -10 References (Research) 10 -11 10 -12 NBS-6 10 -13 10 -14 Cesium Microwave Primary Frequency NIST-7 10 -15 Standards NIST-F2 NIST-F1 10 -16 NIST-F2 laser-cooled atomic clock NIST optical 10 -17 frequency references • Frequency uncertainty: D f/f = 1 x 10 -16 10 -18 • 1 second in 300 million years. 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 • Enabled by laser cooling and trapping. Year
Quantum Logic Clock and Metrology Science 329, 11630, 2010
Quantum Communications Effort • Transmission of “ single photons” using clock-synchronization enables up to 6 GHz rate – both free space and in fiber • Key processing uses multi-threaded Forward Error Correction algorithm • Demonstration of continuous one-time-pad encryption with quantum key at a data rate > 4 MB/s; ~ x100 greater than previous demonstrations • Enables broadband applications of quantum encryption • How do you pull a single photon in the near infrared or the green out of space in broad daylight? • What is the physical limitation? Josh Bienfang (PML) and Xiao Tang (ITL)
Superconducting Photon Detectors: Bolometers • Related technology used for NIST Transition Edge Sensors (single photon detectors) and the Atacama Cosmology Telescope Part of a NIST detector Polarization of the Cosmic array for the ACT Microwave Background: WMAP/NASA See: http://www.nist.gov/pml/div686/devices/cmb-polarization-detector.cfm
Loophole-free Bell Test: Verifiable RNG • A Bell-inequality “violation” invalidates hidden-variable pictures of reality • Paradigm shift in RNG: the only known way to certify universal unpredictability • Challenges: space-like separation of measurements (prohibits secret collusion), efficient entangled-photon state collection and measurement, low-latency random-number generation, proper confidence bounds message Random Number Beacon Requires input random resource
Advanced Applications Require Clocks Network of clocks (10 -21 ): • Tests of fundamental physics long baseline interferometry (different species) • Space-based navigation • Clock-based geodesy • Precision timing applications (microwaves, VLBI) Long distance 10 -18 Time Transfer • Space-based dark-matter searches Space-time ripples Dark matter halo A giant telescope: Gravitational waves, Dark Matter Kómár et al ., Nat. Phys . 10 , 582 (2014); and A high-resolution microscope of earth Kolkowitz et al ., Phys. Rev. D 94 , 124043 (2016).
Quantum Leap and the National Science Foundation RIT Photonics for Quantum 2 July 20th, 2020 Dominique Dagenais Directorate for Engineering National Science Foundation
10 Big Ideas Opportunities for investment at the frontiers of science & engineering 2
Quantum Leap: Leading the next xt Quantum Revolution Breakthrough discoveries in Next generation quantum natural and engineered devices and technologies quantum systems Complexity, simulation, emergent behavior, theory, quantum/classical Materials, metrology, sensing, secure communications, information processing, computing Fundamental science Understanding basic quantum properties of entanglement, superposition, coherence, interference, and squeezing
Quantum Leap Funding Across the Foundation BIO CISE EHR ENG GEO MPS SBE ✓ ✓ ✓ DGE AST CNS CNS ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ EAR CHE SES CCF ✓ ✓ DMR ✓ ✓ ECCS MCB DMS ✓ ✓ PHY ✓ IIP OMA ✓ EFMA From all NSF programs combined: Over 2000 QIS-related Awards ( ✓ )
The Approach Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems Industrial Innovation & Partnerships The 3 C’s Education and Workforce Information and Intelligent Systems Computing and Communication Foundations Computer and Networked Systems Advanced Cyberinfrastructure C onvergence Materials Researchers Engineers & Chemists C ommunity C ollaboration Quantum Workfor Partnerships with other ce government agencies and laboratories, industry, and Mathematicians Physicists & Computer international collaborators Scientists
NSF programs supporting Quantum Leap Convergence Accelerator, Track C, Quantum Technologies QL Challenge Institutes (support NQI) TAQS Incubators: Transformational Advances in Quantum Systems Q-AMASE-i - quantum materials and device foundry Ideas Lab: Practical Fully-Connected Quantum Computer Challenge (PFCQC) QISE-Net – “TRIPLETS”; NSF/DOE/AFOSR: Quantum Science Summer School; 2017-2020 EFRI-ACQUIRE; Advancing Communication Quantum Information Research in Engineering 2021 2016
Recommend
More recommend
