6th International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management A novel initiative for recovery and restoration of illegal dumps in rural areas D. Hidalgo*, F. López, F. Corona, J. M. Martín-Marroquín (*dolhid@cartif.es) Naxos, 13/16-06-2018
www.pavethewayste.eu Work carried out in the frame of the PAVEtheWAySTE project Project funded by EC into LIFE + Program (LIFE14 ENV/GR/000722). Aim: To establish an integrated and replicable system for source separation and treatment of municipal waste (MW) in remote areas. The project includes: The design and construction of 9 innovative prototype units for the treatment (fine sorting and compression) of 500 kg MW/day.unit. Raising awareness of more tan 2,000 residents and tourist. Recovery of more than 1,600 t of high quality materials.
www.pavethewayste.eu The problem…
www.pavethewayste.eu Illegal dumping Illegal dumping of waste is a serious environmental concern of most countries in the world. Surrounding areas are heavily affected by dumps in terms of quality of life and liveability decrease. Illegal dumping of garbage and other waste streams: can threaten human health, wildlife and the environment. can pollute water sources, including groundwater and cause flooding by blocking creeks and ravines some dumps become home to rodents, mosquitoes and other noxious insects. results in lowing real estate values, limits tourism, and compromises the safety of communities
www.pavethewayste.eu Illegal dumping
www.pavethewayste.eu Illegal dumping: causes? Illegal dumping is a complex social, economic, and environmental issue which can most effectively be addressed through identification of its root causes. Illegal dumping is commonly associated with: disposal costs and disposal fees, fines or disposal restrictions, accessibility, population density, unemployment, surveillance,… and even organized crime.
www.pavethewayste.eu Illegal dumping: where? This undesirable practice is more likely to occur in areas: that are easily accessible by roads, with low population density, little surveillance, low visibility.
www.pavethewayste.eu Illegal dumping: where? This undesirable practice is more likely to occur in areas: that are easily accessible by roads, with low population density, little surveillance, low visibility. RURAL AREAS
www.pavethewayste.eu Illegal dumping: cost Removal of illegal dumps bears a cost and makes it necessary to carry out remediation. In order to optimize the process of illegal dumps reclamation it is necessary: firstly, to classify them by location based on the criterion of the greatest potential environmental risk for the surrounding natural, technogenic and social environment; also the knowledge about the morphological composition of wastes dumped on illegal landfills is crucial.
www.pavethewayste.eu Illegal dumping: typical composition (Malinowski et al., 2017)
www.pavethewayste.eu Illegal dumping: actions Administrations of many countries are considering programs to fight against illegal dumping since it is clear how the ecological situation in some areas is deteriorating precisely because of the dump.
www.pavethewayste.eu Illegal dumping: actions Educating the community about the impacts of illegal dumping. Warning of penalties. Suggesting ways of disposing of unwanted materials. Reward for reporting illegal dumping.
www.pavethewayste.eu Valladolid Province innitiative
www.pavethewayste.eu Valladolid Province Population: 526,223 inh 225 municipalities 8,110 km 2 65 inh/km 2
www.pavethewayste.eu Illegal dumpsites in Valladolid Province In the province of Valladolid, dumpsites have historically proliferated as places to deposit any type of waste, in general, inorganic. When these dumps reached appreciable dimensions, the municipalities where they were located requested to regional administrations its sealing and restoration. In this sense, the Provincial Council of Valladolid developed from 2000 to 2010 a "Reforestation Program of illegal dumps" that consisted in the separation and reuse of the debris in each dump, the addition of topsoil, and planting of arboreal and shrub species to recover the entire environment. In total , 75.35 ha were restored distributed along 66 locations, with a budget of 0.7 M€.
www.pavethewayste.eu Illegal dumpsites in Valladolid Province
www.pavethewayste.eu Illegal dumpsites in Valladolid Province In 2008, national legislation (Royal Decree 105/2008) was approved, regulating the production and management of construction and demolition waste, and as a result, the private initiative created three waste treatment plants in the province of Valladolid. In a practical way, these three plants had to receive all the construction waste generated in the entire province. However, being located far from many population centers, and charging a price for receiving the debris, they received very little inert waste, and the dumpsites continued proliferating in the rural areas .
www.pavethewayste.eu Illegal dumpsites in Valladolid Province In 2008, national legislation (Royal Decree 105/2008) was approved, regulating the production and management of construction and demolition waste, and as a result, the private initiative created three waste treatment plants in the province of Valladolid. In a practical way, these three plants had to receive all the construction waste generated in the entire province. However, being located far from many population centers, and charging a price for receiving the debris, they received very little inert waste, and the dumpsites continued proliferating in the rural areas . NOT SUSTAINABLE SITUATION!!!
www.pavethewayste.eu Illegal dumpsites in Valladolid Province After this negative experience, the Provincial Council of Valladolid determined that it was useless to seal dumpsites and reforest its surfaces, if a real alternative for waste disposal was not given to the inhabitants of rural areas . This is why the Provincial Council launched in 2012 a debris collection plan at provincial level, with the aim of stopping proliferation of illegal dumps in the municipalities of the province and to close and restore the existing ones. The plan consisted in the installation of containers for the collection of debris (exclusively) in any municipality of the province that requested the service.
www.pavethewayste.eu New zero dumpsites plan: methodology Transfer and permanent installation throughout the period of validity of the contract of waste containers (average 5.48 m 3 ), in number and capacity as requested by any municipality of the province of Valladolid. Collection of the containers , once they are full, and after notice by the municipality to the contractor, to proceed with the removal. Transportation to the facilities of an authorized waste manager . After the container withdrawal, it has to be replaced by another empty container with the same capacity as the one removed. Installation, in the enclosure where the containers are located in each of the municipalities, of a metallic sign indicating the different waste that can be deposited inside them.
www.pavethewayste.eu New zero dumpsites plan: first results During the first months of the program, containers were hardly filled as many of these municipalities needed this time to build the site. At the end of the second year of operation, the service began to have a greater demand, increasing considerably the number of services provided. The price for the service was 202.39 euros (VAT included) for each container removal. The cost for the municipalities that requested the service was 40% of that price, that is, 80.96 euros. The remaining 60% was paid by the Consortium. In this way, it was intended to give a boost to the implementation of this service and enhance its use by subsidizing part of the cost .
www.pavethewayste.eu New zero dumpsites plan: second phase From January 2013 to November 2016, the program provided 3,956 services , managing 21,679 tons of waste, with a total cost of 0.8 M€. In spite of being a service designed for the collection of debris, the reality was that the containers were used to deposit other types of waste such as mattresses, sofas, chairs, furniture, and remains of pruning.
www.pavethewayste.eu New zero dumpsites plan: second phase When the contract ended in 2016, the Provincial Council put out a new tender, with similar conditions to the previous one, but for the installation of independent containers for the collection of debris, furnishings and pruning . The available budget was 0.4 M€ per year and a maximum duration of four years. The containers installed had a variable volume (from 3.2 to 30.96 m 3 ). The provision of the service was awarded in the following amounts: • Debris: 27.36 euros m -3 of container box. • Appliances / furnishings: 32.70 euros m -3 of container box. • Pruning: 25.23 euros m -3 of container box.
www.pavethewayste.eu New zero dumpsites plan: second phase
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