Investment in Research Activities – A Necessity for the Future of Defence Colonel (Armament Corps) Gilles Brault Office for Advanced Research & Innovation DGA/DS/MRIS Brussels, March 7th 2013
Research & Innovation Definitions by the French Ministry of Research RESEARCH The whole work of creation systematically undertaken to increase the sum of knowledges for new applications. INNOVATION The use of the corpus of scientific results, technologies, organizations, finance and markets to create new or enhanced products or processes DS/MRIS – RHID Presentation 7 March 2013 Slide #2
Research & Economy Liberal vision Markets are the basis of society’s development; competitiveness ensure their supremacy Innovation is one of the engine of competitiveness Innovation triggers research : « Market pull » orientation Keynesian vision Governments invest in (mainly academic) research Big companies and society benefit from the result The winner is one investing in more research Research induce innovation: « Technologies push » The two visions are compatible Tendency in French MOD Moving from Keynesian to Liberal around year 2000 Coexistence of public contracts (Top-Down) and sustaining research & innovation via subventions (Bottom-Up) DS/MRIS – RHID Presentation 7 March 2013 Slide #3
Domestic Expenditure on R&D (DIRD) European DIRD and Ratio DIRD/GDP by EU Member State in 2007 • In France (2007), Domestic Expenditure on R&D versus Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is of 2,04 % public research representing 1% of it • EU target is 3% (Lisbon Protocol) 1% for public research and 2% for private business (enterprises) • DIRD in 2005, USA = 2,6%, Japan = 3,3 % France = 2,1% • DIRD in 2006, Québec = 2,73% (Canada = 1,8%) DS/MRIS – RHID Presentation 7 March 2013 Slide #4
Present Paradigms Evolution of the role of governments in research: strategy and orientations Disappearance of national grand projects: now the fact of the EU Emerging of grand society challenges : “citizen needs” versus “progress” Evolvement and reinforcement of Agencies « Operators » National Research Agency (ANR), Oséo, EDA, ESA… Evolvement of French « Clusters » Competitiveness clusters, Fusion and federal universities (PRES), Thematic Advanced Research Networks (RTRA)… Generalization of the « call for projects » systems Europe, Agencies, foundations, regional councils… Incentive to invest in research and start-up evolvement Tax Refund for Research activities program (CIR), Young Innovative Enterprises (JEI), Concourse of Innovative Start-up The next paradigm to come ? DS/MRIS – RHID Presentation 7 March 2013 Slide #5
From where does innovation come ? (in companies) • A touch of modesty… • Only 13% of innovative ideas come from academia… A highway for good laboratories? DS/MRIS – RHID Presentation 7 March 2013 Slide #6
Back to French Defence: The 3 missions of DGA 1. Equip the Armed Forces 2. Prepare the Future of Defence Systems 3. Promote Exports DS/MRIS – RHID Presentation 7 March 2013 Slide #7
Global Analysis, on the basis of Reference Documents Operational Capabilities Needs and International Cooperation Prospective Plan for the next 30 years Military Program Law White Book Industrial Strategies Technical Solutions PS R&T Strategic Plan for Research & Technology in POS defence and security Basic Research Policy TRL 4-7 TRL 1-4 DS/MRIS – RHID Presentation 7 March 2013 Slide #8
Type of Research Patronized DGA supports Basic Research Activities with Potential Defense Interest as well as Applied Research for Short-Term Use Blue Sky Research is evaluated through Scientific Watch Consideration of Use ? No Yes Orientated Basic Basic Research Yes Research (Bohr) (Pasteur) Quest for Fundamental Understanding ? Applied Research No (Edison) adapté de Pasteur's Quadrant: Basic Science and technological Innovation, Stokes 1997 DS/MRIS – RHID Presentation 7 March 2013 Slide #9 9
The present R&T Organization Combat Aircrafts Support to Innovation Helicopters & Cross-Cutting Transport Aircrafts Competencies UAVs Human Protection 16 Missiles & Bombs Satellite Positioning R&T Ballistic Missiles Domains Security of Inform. Systems Submarine & Information Nuclear Propulsion Systems & C2 Naval Combat & Communication & Underwater Warfare Networks Land Systems & Munitions Intelligence & Surveillance DS/MRIS – RHID Presentation 7 March 2013 Slide #10
R&T Defense Budget FY 2012 Global R&D Defense budget: 3,5 billions € (including armament programmes development) In which 1,7 Billions € for “Defence Studies” In which 830 Million € for R&T – In which 683 Millions for Advanced Studies » In which 91 Millions € for Sustaining Innovation (basic research) What does Sustaining innovation finance ? 160 new PhDs/year 70% being cofinanced (half-half) About 15 post-docs and 10 senior researcher grants 42 TRL 1-4 Academic orientated projects of Defense interest 60 TRL 3-6 SMEs (and ISE) orientated projects of dual int. 15 TRL 4-7 Competitiveness Cluster projects Scientific Survey DS/MRIS – RHID Presentation 7 March 2013 Slide #11
Outils de financement de la Recherche & Innovation de défense Travaux Recherche de Maturation technologique Développements base expérimentaux TRL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Programmes d'études amont – PEA Appui à l'innovation OER Démonstrateurs Opérations Maturation des Spécifique d’expérimentations technologies Défense réactives Thèses, Post-doc 13 M € Maturation Pilotage Budgets ( ) Défense 2012 40 M € 12 M € Dual Pôles Agence nationale OSEO Contribution de compétitivité de la recherche Innovation de la Défense FUI 7 M € 13 M € 1,2 M € DS/MRIS – RHID Presentation 7 March 2013 Slide #12
Optimizing Government Money Basic Research (TRL 1-4) Démonstrators 15% (TRL 6-7) 35% Technological 50% Studies (TRL 4-6) cofinancement Make industries responsible when crossing the valley of Death Maintain Innovation capacity Produce good demonstrators TRL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 DS/MRIS – RHID Presentation 7 March 2013 Slide #13
The Office for Advanced Research and Innovation (MRIS) Part of the Strategy Directorate of DGA, the MRIS is in charge of Proposing defense Information, Biology & scientific orientations Nano- Engineering Bio- Technologies Contacts with civilian and Robotics Technologies Research Piloting low TRL Fluid & Human & Photonics activities Structure Systems PhDs Acoustics ASTRID program Material, Environment and Radio- Chemistry & Low TRL RAPID Electric & Energy Geosciences Waves projects Low TRL industrial and international partnership DS/MRIS – RHID Presentation 7 March 2013 Slide #14
Being Defence relevant… …and not doing science for science (1) DS/MRIS – RHID Presentation 7 March 2013 Slide #15
Being Defence relevant… …and not doing science for science (2) November 27 th 2012, at CNIT-La Défense Presented at DGA Innovation Forum Part of a PhD scientific poster DS/MRIS – RHID Presentation 7 March 2013 Slide #16
Thank you for your attention ! For further contact: gilles.brault@dga.defense.gouv.fr DS/MRIS – RHID Presentation 7 March 2013 Slide #17
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