Slide 1 / 116 Slide 2 / 116 7 th Grade PSI Structure and Function & Information Processing 2015-11-07 www.njctl.org Slide 3 / 116 Slide 4 / 116 Table of Contents Click on the topic to go to that section · Cells: the Fundamental Units of Life Cells: The Fundamental · Cell Structure and Function Units of Life · Tissues, Organs, and Organ Systems · Information Processing in Living Systems Return to Table of Contents Slide 5 / 116 Slide 6 / 116 Characteristics of Living Things Characteristics of Living Things These pictures give hints about what some of those traits are. Use the clues to come up with a list of 4 common characteristics. There are more than 8.7 million different types of living Move the pictures to see answers. things on Earth. Organisms come in different sizes, shapes, colors, but all living things have some key characteristics in common. Grow Can you think of characteristics which ALL living things have in common? Make a list with your table. Respond to the Use energy for environment. growth and Plant grows maintenance. toward light. Reproduce
Slide 7 / 116 Slide 8 / 116 Levels of Organization Organisms Organisms have different levels of organization for structure and An organism is an individual living thing that can function on its function. Humans are an example of a complex organism that has own. many different levels of organization. Organism Organ Organ Cell Tissue System Slide 9 / 116 Slide 10 / 116 Cells Cells A cell is the basic unit of structure and function in all organisms. A unicellular organism is made up of one cell. They are the building blocks of life. Multicellular organisms are made up of multiple cells. All organisms are made up of cells! Cells are microscopic, they cannot be seen with the naked eye. Some types of plankton are Starfish are made up of many only made up of one cell. cells. Click here to watch an animation about cell size. Slide 11 / 116 Slide 12 / 116 Multicellular Organisms Unicellular Organisms Multicellular organisms are larger and more complex. Unicellular organisms are relatively simple and small. They are the oldest forms of life on Earth, and they are everywhere! In a multicellular organisms each cell has a specific job or function. Examples of unicellular organisms include: bacteria, some types of fungi, and protists. Bacteria on our bodies outnumber our human cells 10:1. Humans are made up of 200 different types of cells Bad bacteria, sometimes called and over a trillion cells total! germs, can make us sick, but most bacteria on our body is helpful. https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com/science-behind/genetics-overview/ Electron microscope picture of bacteria in the human gut.
Slide 13 / 116 Slide 14 / 116 Living vs. Nonliving Cell Theory Look at the following pictures and classify each item as a living thing or a nonliving thing. All living things are made up of one or more cells. · Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of all living · things. Use cell theory to justify your answer. Cells arise only from other cells. · Slide 15 / 116 Slide 16 / 116 1 Which sentence below is true about cells? 2 Which statement is true about cell theory? A Plant and animal cells are living. A Cell theory states that all cells are non-living. B Plant and animal cells are non-living. B Cell theory states that cells can come from non-living things. C Only plant cells are living. C Cell theory states that all cells arise from other cells. D Only animal cells are living. D Cell theory says animal cells are the only type of living cells. Slide 17 / 116 Slide 18 / 116 3 How are cells like building blocks? 4 Which example below represents something that is living? A Cells are tough and cannot be broken. A a leaf B Cells build on one another to form a structure. B an oven C All cells are weak and break apart. C a volcano D Cells need to be stuck together in order for them to D a bike be strong.
Slide 19 / 116 Slide 20 / 116 Cell Classification What is a membrane? Cells can be classified as prokaryotic or eukaryotic . Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus surrounded by a membrane; prokaryotic cells do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. Nucleus surrounded by A membrane is a thin, flexible Prokaryotic Cells Eukaryotic Cell a membrane (red structure) substance that encloses something and acts as a barrier. Membranes are similar to bubbles. Scanning Electron Microscope image of bacteria. Transmission Electron Micrograph image of an animal cell. Slide 21 / 116 Slide 22 / 116 Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Prokaryotes are organisms made up of prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotes are organisms made up of eukaryotic cells. Most prokaryotes are also unicelluar. Bacteria are prokaryotes. All multicellular organisms and some unicellular organisms are Prokaryotic cells are usually much smaller than eukaryotic cells eukaryotes. and only have a few internal structures. Eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells and more complex. They contain a membrane-bound nucleus and many internal structures called organelles . Model of a prokaryotic cell Slide 23 / 116 Slide 24 / 116 Model of a eukaryotic cell 5 Choose all the terms which describe this organism. A Eukaryotic B Prokaryotic Nucleus C Unicellular D Multicellular Other types of organelles
Slide 25 / 116 Slide 26 / 116 6 Choose all the terms which describe this organism. 7 Choose all the terms which describe this organism. A Eukaryotic A Eukaryotic B Prokaryotic B Prokaryotic C Unicellular C Unicellular D Multicellular D Multicellular Slide 27 / 116 Slide 28 / 116 9 A sunflower would be an example of a/an: 8 Choose all the terms which describe this organism. A Eukaryotic A unicellular organism B multicellular organism B Prokaryotic C prokaryote C Unicellular D eukaryote D Multicellular E both B and D F both A and C Slide 29 / 116 Slide 30 / 116 11 What is the key difference between eukaryotic and 10 How many cells make up a unicellular organism? prokaryotic cells? A zero A Eukaryotic cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus B more than one B Prokaryotic cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus C many C Prokarytotic cells contain membranes D one D Eukarytotic are the only cells that grow
Slide 31 / 116 Slide 32 / 116 12 Water that appears clear can actually have many microscopic organisms in it. The image below shows an organism found in pond water under a microscope. How would you classify the organism? Lab 1 A Unicellular, eukaryote Investigating Cells B Unicellular, prokaryote Part 1 & 2 C Multicellular, eukaryote D Multicellular, prokaryote Click here to view a protist under a microscope. Slide 33 / 116 Slide 34 / 116 Cell Structure and Function Like all living things, cells require energy, grow, reproduce, and respond and adapt to their environment. Even though they are the fundamental unit of life, cells are composed of many smaller parts that work together to Cell Structure and Function make them function. Cells Organelles Molecules Return to Table Atoms of Contents Slide 35 / 116 Slide 36 / 116 Organelles 13 Which of the following ranks cells, molecules, organelles, and atoms in order of size and complexity from smallest/ least to largest/greatest? Organelles are specialized cell structures that carry out specific cell functions. Organelles are built out of molecules. A organelles, molecules, cells, atoms B cells, atoms, molecules, organelles C organelles, cells, atoms, molecules D atoms, molecules, organelles, cells Click here to see how cells compare in size to organelles and molecules.
Slide 37 / 116 Slide 38 / 116 Common Cell Features Common Cell Features Most cells - prokaryotic and eukaryotic - have a few parts in common: Plasma Membrane Plasma membrane : thin membrane that encloses cells and · regulates what materials can enter and exit the cell. DNA Cytoplasm or Cytosol : gel-like solution that fills up the cell; all of · the organelles are contained within the cytoplasm. Ribosomes Ribosomes : assemble cellular machines called proteins · Cytoplasm DNA: a molecule that directs cell activities and gives organisms · their specific traits Slide 39 / 116 Slide 40 / 116 Animal Cell Structure: Cell Membrane Animal Cell Structures Cell membrane encloses cell and regulates what enters and exits the cell. Cell Membrane Slide 41 / 116 Slide 42 / 116 Cell Membranes Animal Cell Structure: Cytoplasm A cell membrane is a thin, flexible structure that holds liquids and other Cytoplasm is a jelly-like solution filling the inside of a cell that holds contents in place. You can picture it being like a thin plastic bag. organelles in place. Cytoplasm is Cell clear substance membrane model Cell membranes are made up of smaller molecules that stick together. They keep the cell contents from leaking out, and control what substances can enter and exit the cell . Click here to see a video of cytoplasmic streaming.
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