7/23/2018 Disa ste r Vig ne tte . A ma jo r e a rthq ua ke ro c ke - PDF document

7/23/2018 Disa ste r Vig ne tte . A ma jo r e a rthq ua ke ro c ke d the c e ntra l re g io n o f the US e a rly this mo rning . T he US Ge o lo g ic a l Surve y re po rte d a HOW BE HAVI ORAL HE AL T H SHOUL D ma g nitude o f 7.7, the la rg e st e ve r in tha t re g io n sinc e 1812. Do ze ns RE ACT E T HI CAL L Y I N A DI SAST E R we re kille d insta ntly a nd hund re d s tra ppe d in the rub b le o f c o lla pse d b uild ing s. Mo me nts a fte r the q ua ke we ta lke d with Ma rk Withe rs, fro m a vo lunta ry re spo nse o rg a niza tio n who re po rte d , a ll c o mmunic a tio ns P in the imme d ia te a nd surro und ing a re a we nt d o wn. T ra nspo rta tio n ro ute s we re a lso b lo c ke d. Ga s a nd wa te r ma ins rupture d ig niting ma ssive b la ze s. No o ne wa s the re to fig ht the fire s, b e c a use with A ro a d wa ys c ripple d , the a re a wa s c ut o ff fro m me d ic a l supplie s a nd a id . In o ne a re a , e a rthq ua ke d a ma g e d le ve e s g a ve wa y a nd wa te r Da vid J. Ca rte r, Ph.D. C fro m the surro unding rive r rushe d into the b o rde ring c itie s. Hund re ds Unive rsity o f Ne b ra ska – Oma ha o f re sid e nts in the c ity fle e ing fro m the fire s a nd c ha o s, e va c ua te d to d c a rte r@ uno ma ha .e d u she lte rs se t up b y the lo c a l g o ve rnme nt. T he re a re witne ss a c c o unts o f the g ro und o pe ning up a nd swa llo wing who le se c tio ns o f la nd, b uilding s to ppling , a nd • Disa ste rs a nd e me rg e nc ie s a re : po we r line s c ra shing to the g ro und. Pe o ple a re tra ppe d in  Inte rna tio na l a nd lo c a l the ir c o lla pse d ho me s; e a rly mo rning c o mmute rs we re  Multic ultura l, multi-e thnic , multi-re lig io us c rushe d o n c rumb ling hig hwa ys. T he injure d a re po uring  E nviro nme nta l a nd ma n ma d e into me dic a l fa c ilitie s. T wo ma jo r ho spita ls c o lla pse d so  Invo lve g o ve rnme nts, NGO’ s, c o rpo ra tio ns, vic tims, injure d survivo rs a re lining the stre e ts o utside o f the fa c ilitie s wo rke rs, a nd the pre ss tha t a re still func tio ning . We we re a b le to ma ke c o nta c t  E thic s implic a tio ns a re a t the c o re o f pre pa ra tio n, po lic ie s, re spo nse a nd re c o ve ry with o ne lo c a l o ffic ia l who is re po rting tha t a la rg e po we r pla nt a lso e xplo de d, c utting o ff po we r g rids. It is ha rd to de te rmine the e xte nt o f the da ma g e a t this po int. Do ze ns E T HICS AND DISAST E RS: a re de a d. Hundre ds injure d a nd ma ny, ma ny mo re missing A T OPIC OF E PIC PROPORT IONS a nd fe a re d de a d.  “A disa ste r is a n e ve nt (o r se rie s o f e ve nts) tha t har m or kills a signific ant numbe r of pe ople or othe r wise se ve r e ly impair s or inte r r upts the ir daily live s in c ivil so c ie ty. Disa ste rs ma y b e natur DI SAST E RS al or the r e sult of ac c ide ntal or de libe r ate human ac tion . Disa ste rs inc lude , b ut a re no t Altho ug h the d e finitio n o f disa ste r c ha ng e s b e twe e n limite d to , fire s; flo o ds; sto rms; e a rthq ua ke s; c he mic a l c o untrie s a nd the a c c ura c y o f c o lle c te d d a ta va rie s a c ro ss the spills; le a ks o f, o r infiltra tio n b y, to xic sub sta nc e s; te rro rist g lo b e a nd thro ug h time , o ne tre nd is c le a r. E ve nts we la b e l “na tura l disa ste rs” a re o c c urring a tta c ks b y c o nve ntio na l, nuc le a r o r b io lo g ic a l we a po ns; mo re fre q ue ntly tha n in the pa st. e pide mic s; pa nde mic s; ma ss fa ilure s in e le c tro nic c o mmunic a tio ns; a nd o the r e ve nts tha t o ffic ia ls a nd e xpe rts de sig na te “disa ste rs” WHAT I S A DI SAST E R? 1

7/23/2018  “Disa ste rs a lwa ys c a use surprise a nd sho c k; DMC the y a re unwa nte d b y tho se a ffe c te d b y the m, a ltho ug h not always unpre dic table . Pre ve ntio n Disa ste rs a lwa ys g e ne ra te na rra tive s a nd Pre pa re d ne ss me dia re pre se nta tio ns o f the he ro ism, fa ilure s Ale rt a nd lo sse s o f tho se who a re a ffe c te d a nd re spo nd.” Re spo nse Re c o ve ry Po st Disa ste r WHAT I S A DI SAST E R? (CON)  “ Gove r nme nt has an obligation , b a se d o n the justific a tio n o f its o rig ins, to pr e par e c itize ns for  E me rg e nc ie s a re typic a lly lo c a l a nd c a n b e sur vival c a use d b y disa ste r. Suc h pre pa ra tio n d e a lt with lo c a l re so urc e s re q uire s imple me nta tio n thro ug h pub lic po lic y.” Jo hn  E me rg e nc ie s a re typic a lly o f a sho rte r d ura tio n L o c ke  T he se rig hts a re pre sume d in the US De c la ra tio n o f  A de c la ra tio n o f a sta te o f e me rg e nc y is Inde pe nde nc e a nd pro te c te d b y the first te n usua lly do ne fo r disa ste rs – no t e me rg e nc ie s. a me ndme nts o f the c o nstitutio n. OUR SOCI AL CONT RACT E ME RGE NCI E S  E thic s is no t a b o ut wha t is - b ut wha t sho uld b e .  Ba sic huma n va lue s o f  E thic a l re la tivism: mo ra lity va rie s b e twe e n pe o ple a nd so c ie tie s ac c or ding to the ir c ultur al nor ms  Co mpa ssio n  Unive rsa list o r o b je c tivist mo ra l the o rie s: fund a me nta l  Pa tie nc e princ iple s tha t a re inva ria nt thro ug h o ut time a nd spa c e .  E  “Pe o ple have a basic right to safe ty and it is a fundame ntal o bligatio n o f all go ve rnme nts mpa thy to e nsure that the ir c itize ns are pro te c te d to a re aso nable de gre e fro m kno wn risk, and that c itize ns are info rme d and warne d o f any risks kno wn to go ve rnme ntal o ffic ials that thre ate n  Ge nuine ne ss public safe ty.”  “T o re spe c t the e qual dignity o f all human be ings, re c o gnizing a basic right to life and  Re spe c t fo r dig nity o f o the rs subsiste nc e ”  “T he c o nde mnatio n o f c o arse public se c to r c o rruptio n”  Pro fe ssio na l c o de s o f c o nduc t  “T he o bligatio n to re spe c t human auto no my” The Search for Principles of Disaster Management. Etkin D, Davis I E T HI CAL T HE ORI E S AND E T HI CAL WHAT IS SPE CIAL ABOUT DISAST E RS T HAT MOT IVAT E S PE OPL E T O ACT AND RE SPOND E T HICAL L Y? PRI NCI PL E S 2