Slide 1 / 134 Slide 2 / 134 3rd Grade Biological Evolution 2015-12-03 www.njctl.org Slide 3 / 134 Slide 4 / 134 Compost Time Capsule Table of Contents How do different items change over time? Click on the topic to go to that section Set-up the Compost Time Capsule Activity now. · Habitats · Adaptations · Fossils How Fossils Are Used · · Disturbances Slide 5 / 134 Slide 6 / 134 The Forest Think about the forest in this picture. What organisms live there? Habitats Return to Table of Contents
Slide 7 / 134 Slide 8 / 134 Ecosystems The Forest Make a list below of what the organisms in a forest need to The forest is an example of an ecosystem. An ecosystem is a survive: combination of all the living and nonliving components of an environment. Living components are called biotic factors . · Nonliving components are called abiotic factors . · Look back at your list of things needed by forest organisms. Can you separate them into biotic and abiotic factors? Slide 9 / 134 Slide 10 / 134 Abiotic Factors Biotic Factors Abiotic factors include all of the nonliving components of an Biotic factors include all of the living components of an ecosystem. Organisms in the forest need differing amounts of the ecosystem. Living components include plants, animals, bacteria, following to survive: fungi, etc. For example, hawks that live in the forest need squirrels, Soil Air and sun snakes and other small animals for food. These are biotic factors. Water Temperature Slide 11 / 134 Slide 12 / 134 1 Which of the following is an abiotic factor? Biotic and Abiotic Factors A water B predators C disease Take a look at this coral reef ecosystem. How many biotic and abiotic factors can you think of that D offspring affect this ecosystem?
Slide 13 / 134 Slide 14 / 134 Habitats 2 Which of the following is a biotic factor? Within an ecosystem, there are specific areas where organisms live A fire and grow. In the forest ecosystem, squirrels live in trees. Frogs live in forest B forests ponds. Earthworms live in the soil. These different areas are called habitats . C temperature D fresh air This earthworm's habitat is the forest floor. Slide 15 / 134 Slide 16 / 134 4 A small part of an ecosystem, such as a pond, is a 3 The interaction of the living and nonliving parts of an environment make up an ecosystem. True A biotic factor False B habitat C environment Slide 17 / 134 Slide 18 / 134 Ecosystems and Habitats Ecosystems and Habitats A change in an ecosystem can affect how well an organism can What if the Arctic became warmer? survive. How would the polar bear population survive if the seals disappeared? Decide if the seals and the climate are biotic or abiotic, by drawing Polar bears live in the Arctic. They an arrow from the correct word to each picture. have a thick layer of fat to keep warm. They are excellent swimmers and can swim long distances to hunt for food. Fewer Seals to eat Less Ice to live on BIOTIC Which of the polar bear's needs would not be met if it could no ABIOTIC longer swim?
Slide 19 / 134 Slide 20 / 134 What if the environment changes? 5 A change in a habitat does not cause changes in the organisms that live there. There are three responses that organisms can take if their environment changes. True 1. The organisms can adapt and live in the new environment. False 2. The organisms can move to a new environment. 3. The organisms do not change or adapt and die out. Did the dinosaurs adapt when their environment changed? Slide 21 / 134 Slide 22 / 134 7 If an organism does not move locations or adapt to a 6 An individual can survive an ecosystem change if it moves change, what will happen? location and finds the resources it needs. True A It will change the environment. False B It will increase in number. C It will die. D It will find new biotic factors. Slide 23 / 134 Slide 24 / 134 Coral Bleaching Coral Bleaching The algae that exist within corals have very specific requirements Healthy corals have special algae that live inside of the coral. for survival. If the water temperature increases above a certain These algae produce their own food that they share with the coral. level, the algae will leave the coral. This is called coral bleaching. In exchange, the coral provide the algae with shelter. Each specific The corals all turn white because the algae, which had given them type of algae gives coral a different color. That is why corals are so the bright colors, have left. colorful. When coral bleaching occurs, the fish that lived in the coral reef will move to a different coral. The coral itself will die. These colorful corals are filled with algae.
Slide 25 / 134 Slide 26 / 134 8 What causes coral bleaching? 9 What type of factor causes coral bleaching? A high salinity A biotic B high water temperature B abiotic C too little sunlight D an increase in fish population Slide 27 / 134 Slide 28 / 134 10 How do corals respond to coral bleaching? 11 How do fish respond to coral bleaching? A They adapt. A They adapt. B They move. B They move. C They die. C They die. Slide 29 / 134 Slide 30 / 134 12 Scientists have discovered a type of algae that can tolerate warm water temperatures. This algae has responded to coral bleaching by ___. A adapting Adaptations B moving C dying Return to Table of Contents
Slide 31 / 134 Slide 32 / 134 Adaptations Ecosystems and Habitats A characteristic that helps an organism to survive in a particular Organisms have characteristics that enable them to survive in their environment is called an adaptation . specific environments. In other words, organisms are adapted to their environments. Fresh water pools and trees are different habitats in the same ecosystem. Each frog has characteristics that enable it to survive in its specific habitat. How many can you think of? Clown fish live in sea anemones. They have an adaptation that makes them immune from the anemone sting. They can safely hide from predators in the anemone. Slide 33 / 134 Slide 34 / 134 Adaptations Adaptations Many animals that live in cold environments have thick fur to protect them from the low temperature. There is a lizard on this tree trunk. Can you see it? Snowshoe Polar Bear This lizard has adapted camouflage to help hare it blend in to its environment. How does this help the lizard to survive? Arctic fox Click the picture to watch a video about Harp seal some amazing camouflage. Why do you think all these animals have white fur? Slide 35 / 134 Slide 36 / 134 Adaptations 13 A polar bear's sharp teeth are an ____________ that helps him to catch prey. Click below to watch a video about the horned lizard. Write down as A survival many adaptations as you can see that help the lizard to survive. Be ready to share your ideas with the class. B extinction C adaptation D artificial selection
Slide 37 / 134 Slide 38 / 134 Adaptations Adaptations If the polar bear were moved to the desert, it would overheat from Why do organisms need to be adapted to their environments? its thick fur. There would be very little food for it to hunt and no water for swimming. Think about the polar bear again. It has thick fur and webbed feet for swimming. The polar bear would not survive in the desert. What would happen to the polar bear if it were moved to the desert An organism's adaptations enable it to survive in its environment. environment? Slide 39 / 134 Slide 40 / 134 Adaptation Leads to Variation Variation Within the same type of organism, adaptations can vary These giraffes and dogs have a lot of diversity. That means there is slightly. This leads to variation. a lot of variation between individuals. All of these fish are bluestripe snappers. Do you notice slight variations among them? Slide 41 / 134 Slide 42 / 134 Variation Leads to Survival Variations Lead to Mating When variation exists, the organism with the variation that is most Female peacocks choose a mate that has the longest, brightest suited to the environment has the highest chance of survival. feathers. In a population of peacocks, which males will be able to mate most often? All three moths are peppered moths. If located in a forest with dark colored tree bark, which moth will most likely survive? Having long, bright tail feathers is an adaptation that leads to finding a mate. Variation leads to the birds with the longest, brightest feathers finding mates most often. The best adaptation leads to survival!
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